互联互通的国际治理:从电报网到互联网的构建逻辑

International Governance of Connectivity:The Construction Logic from Telegraph Network to Internet

“互联互通”是人类文明发展演进的关键动力之一,但同时,历史上的国际互联互通并非总是自然形成的,大国竞合时代的互联互通更是面临诸多挑战。识别影响互联互通国际治理诸因素及其作用机制,对于新时期构建联通性世界具有重要意义。从电信国际治理经验来看,其互联互通的构建模式主要由电信领域的“国家实力结构”与“经济规制类型”两个因素塑造。国家实力结构塑造了国际治理的主导权分布,电信规制类型则塑造了治理主导者的利益偏好和行动选择,两个因素共同发挥作用,形成了协商型、竞争型、排他型和包容型等多种国际治理模式。从19世纪电信技术诞生至今,电报网、电话网、通信卫星网、互联网和蜂窝移动通信网呈现了不同的国际治理模式与互联互通的构建逻辑。当今,中国在推动全球互联互通时,应当把握该领域内的国家实力格局与各国规制类型,厘清各方的议价优势及条件约束,采取适当的技术和策略,提升国际互联互通水平。

Connectivity is one of the key driving forces for the development and evolution of human civilization.However,historically,international connectivity did not always form naturally.And connectivity in the era of major power competition and cooperation faces many challenges.Identifying the factors affecting the“international governance of connectivity”and their working mechanisms is of great importance for building a connected world in the new era.As far as the experience of international governance of telecommunications is concerned,the construction pattern of“connectivity”is primarily shaped by“national power structure”and the“type of economic regulation”within the telecommunication sector.While national power structure determines the distribution of dominance in international governance,the telecommunication regulation shapes the preferences and choices of the governing bodies.The two factors play a combined role in forming various international governance patterns such as negotiated,competitive,exclusive,and inclusive types.From the emergence of telecommunication technology in the 19th century to present,different international governance patterns and construction logic of international connectivity have been evident in telegraph networks,telephone networks,communication satellite networks,the internet,and cellular mobile communication networks.Presently,as China advances global connectivity,it should grasp the national power structures and regulatory types of various nations within these domains,clarify the bargaining advantages and constraints of all parties,and adopt appropriate tactics and strategies to enhance the level of international connectivity.