不同等级道路对福州市生态空间景观连接度的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Different Grade Roads on the Landscape Connectivity of Ecological Space in Fuzhou

道路空间的扩张导致城市生态空间的破碎化及其景观连接受阻.科学分析不同等级道路对生态空间景观连接度的影响对指导生态修复工程选址和未来道路网络布设具有重要意义.研究采用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)和基于图论的景观连接度模型,提取福州市主要生态空间,并通过有无道路的情景定量分析了不同距离阈值下各等级道路对生态空间景观连接度的影响.结果表明:(1)在各等级道路干扰中,高速公路对景观连接度的影响最为显著,导致景观连接度指数LCP、IIC和PC值分别降低了7.74%、6.53%和8.96%;(2)道路的存在干扰了生态空间中各斑块的连接度重要性,导致高景观连接度的斑块组合数量骤减,低景观连接度的斑块组合数量剧增;(3)各级道路的影响程度由大到小依次为高速公路、县道、省道和国道,其中县道和高速公路分别在距离阈值极低和极高时成为主要影响因素;(4)生态空间占比越大且越靠近城市核心区的区县,其生态空间景观连接度越易受到道路的影响.研究结果可为福州市生态空间格局的构建和优化提供科学依据.

The expansion of road space leads to the fragmentation of urban ecological space and the obstruction of landscape connection.It is of great significance to scientifically analyze the impact of different grade roads on the landscape connectivity of ecological space to guide the site selection of ecological restoration projects and the layout of future road networks.In this paper,morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)and landscape connectivity model based on graph theory are used to extract the main ecological spaces in Fuzhou,and the impact of different grade roads on the landscape connectivity of ecological space under different distance thresholds is quantitatively analyzed through the scenarios with and without roads.The results show that:(1)Among all grade roads interference,expressway has the most significant impact on landscape connectivity,resulting in a decrease of 7.74%,6.53%and 8.96%in LCP,IIC and PC values respectively.(2)The existence of roads interferes with the importance of connectivity of patches in the ecological space,resulting in a sharp decrease in the number of patches with high landscape connectivity and a sharp increase in the number of patches with low landscape connectivity.(3)The influence degree of roads is expressway,county road,provincial road and national road from large to small,in which county road and expressway are the main influencing factors when the distance threshold is very low and very high respectively.(4)The landscape connectivity of ecological space of the districts and counties with larger proportion of ecological space and closer to the urban core area are more vulnerable to the impact of road.The results can provide scientific basis for the construction and optimization of the ecological spatial pattern in Fuzhou.