高中阶段普职分流:政策、问题与对策

The Academic and Vocational Education Streaming in Senior High School:Policies,Problems and Countermeasures

通过对1978年以来我国普职分流招生数据和政策文本的梳理分析,可以将普职分流政策划分为六个阶段,分别是:中职“新生”阶段、“偏重”中职阶段、普职“并重”阶段、“扶持”中职阶段、“大体相当”阶段和“分类不分层”阶段。学界与社会上对普职分流的争论此起彼伏,或赞成或反对,各具立场与理由。普职分流政策在实践过程中也存在中职学校教育质量有待提升、多数家长反对孩子上中职、普职分流带来教育再生产和社会再生产等问题。为了完善我国高中阶段的普职分流,需要办好特色中职,提高中职办学质量;确保来去开放,做好普职融通工作;完善职教高考,打通职教学生升学通道。

By combing and analyzing the enrollment data and policy texts of the academic and vocational education streaming in China since 1978,the academic and vocational education streaming policy can be divided into 6 stages,which are:the“new”stage of secondary vocational schools,the“emphasizing”stage of secondary vocational schools,the“equal emphasis”stage of academic and vocational schools,the“supporting”stage of secondary vocational schools,the“roughly equivalent”stage,and the“classification without stratification”stage.The academic and social debates on the academic and vocational education streaming keep cropping up,with different positions and reasons for both support and opposition.There are also problems in the practical process of the academic and vocational streaming policy,such as the need to improve the quality of secondary vocational school education,the opposition of most parents to their children attending secondary vocational schools,and the tendency of social reproduction brought by the academic and vocational streaming.In order to improve the academic and vocational streaming in senior high school,it is necessary to run characteristic secondary vocational schools and improve the quality of secondary vocational school education,ensure openness and integration of academic and vocational schools,improve college entrance examination for vocational education and open up the channel for vocational education students to enter higher education.