2018—2021年我国专业公共卫生机构资源空间分布均衡性研究

A study on the spatial distribution equilibrium of resources in specialized public health institutions in China from 2018 to 2021

目的分析我国专业公共卫生机构布局的时空特征,为优化专业公共卫生资源配置提供理论参考和建议。方法采用全局莫兰指数、热点分析、趋势面分析对2018—2021年我国专业公共卫生机构资源的空间分布情况进行分析。结果我国专业公共卫生机构数逐年减少,每千人口卫生技术人员数、床位数的年均增长率分别为3.92%、3.11%,且2018—2021年机构数、床位数及2021年卫生技术人员数的全局莫兰指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),存在明显的空间正相关性,即呈现集聚分布。冷热点分布呈现东、西不均差异化态势,不同时间段卫生资源的冷热点区域并不完全一致,空间分布趋势不同。结论我国专业公共卫生机构卫生资源配置整体改善,卫生资源集聚程度逐年增强,机构数分布与人口密度基本一致。政府应制定全面的公共卫生资源规划,多关注资源“冷点区”,推动机构合理布局。

Objective Analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of layout in China’s specialized public health institutions to provide theoretical references and recommendations for optimizing resource allocation.Methods Using global Moran’s Index,hotspot analysis,and trend surface analysis to assess the spatial distribution in China’s specialized public health institutions for the period 2018-2021.Results The annual average growth rates for health technical personnel per thousand population and the number of beds per thousand population were 3.92%and 3.11%,respectively.The number of institutions decreased annually.Notably,the global Moran’s Index for the number of institutions in 2018-2021,the number of health technical personnel in 2021,and the number of beds in 2018-2021 exhibited statistical significance(P<0.05),indicating a significant positive spatial autocorrelation or clustering pattern.The distribution of cold and hot spots showed regional disparities between the East and West,and the locations of cold and hot spots for health resources varied over different time periods,demonstrating distinct spatial distribution trends.Conclusion While the overall allocation of health resources in China’s specialized public health institutions improved,the degree of resource concentration increased over the years.The distribution of institutions closely mirrored population density.Therefore,the government should formulate a comprehensive public health resource plan,with particular attention to resource allocation in“cold spot”areas and promote the rational distribution of institutions.