服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响与机制

The Impact of High-quality Development of the Service Industry on Urban-rural Income Gap and Its Mechanism

服务业高质量发展有助于农村劳动力就业、扩大农民收入来源。促进现代服务业高质量发展是缩减城乡收入差距、推进共同富裕的重要路径。基于1997—2021年我国30个省份(未含香港地区、澳门地区、台湾地区、西藏地区)数据,使用合成控制法、双重差分模型和三重差分模型分析服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响及其机制。研究发现,服务业高质量发展有助于缩减城乡收入差距,且这种缩减作用在北京、上海最强,在江苏、天津、浙江次之,在广东最弱;服务业高质量发展对东部、中部和西部地区城乡收入差距的缩减作用均显著,但在中部地区最强,在东部和西部地区较弱;绿色发展和区域协调发展在服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响中发挥正向调节作用,服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用在绿色发展水平较高、区域协调发展水平较高的省份更强;服务业高质量发展能够通过产业结构升级(包括产业结构高级化、产业结构合理化)缩减城乡收入差距。为进一步发挥服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用,应持续加强服务创新,推动服务业高质量发展;发挥区域比较优势,推动区域协调发展;引导绿色消费和生产,提升绿色发展水平;推动现代服务业和新兴产业发展,促进产业结构升级。

The high-quality development of the service industry is an important factor in promoting employment of labor forces and expanding income sources of farmers.Promoting the high-quality development of modern service industry is the important path to narrow the urban-rural income gap and promote common prosperity.Based on relevant data of 30 China’s provinces(excluding Hong Kong Region,Macao Region,Taiwan Region,and Tibet)from 1997 to 2021,the authors empirically analyze the impact of high-quality development of the service industry on the urban-rural income gap with the help of synthetic control method,double difference model,and triple difference model.It is found that:the high-quality development of the service industry can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,with the most significant effect in Beijing and Shanghai,followed by Jiangsu,Tianjin,and Zhejiang,and the least effect in Guangdong;the high-quality development of the service industry can significantly narrow the urban-rural income gap in the eastern,central,and western regions,with the most significant effect in the central region,and less effect in the eastern and western regions;green development and regional coordinated development plays the positive adjustment role in the the effect of high-quality development of the service industry on narrowing the urban-rural income gap,with the most significant effect in provinces with higher levels of green development and regional coordinated development;and the high-quality development of the service industry can narrow the urban-rural income gap through the upgrading of the industrial structure(including making the industrial structure to be higher level one or more rational one).To further improve the role of the high-quality development of the service industry in narrowing the urban-rural income gap,we should strengthen service innovation to continuously promote the high-quality development of the service industry,give full play to the role of regional comparative advantages to promote regional coordinated development,guide green consumption and production to promote green development,and promote the development of modern service industry and new emerging industries to promote industrial structural upgrading.