我国城市数字创业活跃度与外部驱动因素

The Activity and External Driving Factors of Digital Entrepreneurship in Chinese Cities

数字创业是数字技术与数字经济发展的产物,是数字化赋能经济高质量发展的关键路径,客观认识数字创业现状、揭示其驱动因素是激发数字创业活力的前提。基于2006—2021年我国283个地级及以上城市(未含香港、澳门、台湾地区城市)信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业新注册企业数据,测算分析数字创业活跃度水平及其变化,进而利用随机森林模型估计数字创业活跃度多维外部驱动因素重要性。数字创业活跃度测算结果表明,我国城市数字创业活跃度水平呈先下降后上升的V字形变化趋势,主要城市数字创业活跃度水平明显高于其他城市,且两者的差距有扩大趋势。外部驱动因素分析结果表明,我国城市数字创业活跃度受技术环境、市场环境、经济环境、政策环境维度因素共同影响,其中产业发展基础、政府支持、技术累积量、市场化程度、产业结构是主要驱动因素;分阶段看,技术累积量和人力资本水平的驱动作用在增强,市场规模的驱动作用在减弱;分城市类型看,相比于主要城市,技术环境维度的科研投入强度、人力资本水平、融资条件,特别是市场环境维度的市场化程度对其他城市的驱动作用更强。为提升我国城市数字创业活跃度,应加强政策引导,加大保障力度,着力推动数字创业;健全要素市场运行机制,优化数字创业市场环境;围绕产业发展引进和培养人才,加强数字人才队伍建设;畅通创业融资渠道,缓解企业资金困境。

Digital entrepreneurship is the product of the development of digital technology and digital economy,and is a key path for digitization to energize high-standard economic development.To objectively understand the current situation of digital entrepreneurship and reveal the driving factors is the premise of stimulating the vitality of digital entrepreneurship.Taking new start ups in the information transmission,software and information technology service industries as the proxy variables of digital entrepreneurship,the data of newly registered enterprises in 283 cities at the prefecture level and above(excluding cities in Hong Kong Region,Macao Region and Taiwan Region)from 2006 to 2021 are used to analyze the level and changes of digital entrepreneurship activity,and,combining urban panel data and random forest method,multi-dimension influencing factors of digital entrepreneurship activity are studied.The results of analysis on the activity of digital entrepreneurship show that the activity of digital entrepreneurship in China shows a V-shaped trend of first declining and then rising,the level of digital entrepreneurship activity in major cities is significantly higher than that in other cities,and the gap is further widening.The results of analysis on external influencing factors show that the activity of digital entrepreneurship in Chinese cities is affected by many factors such as technological environment,market environment,economic environment,and policy environment,among which the industrial development foundation,government support,technology accumulation,marketization degree,and industrial structure are the key factors;in different phases,the driving forces of technology accumulation and the level of human capital is enhancing,while that of market scale is weakening;and in different city types,comparing to the main cities,the driving forces of science and technology investment,the level of human capital,and financing condition in the dimension of technological environment is strong,while that of the marketization degree in the dimension of market environment is more stronger.In order to further enhance the activity of digital entrepreneurship,first of all,we should strengthen policy guidance and guarantee efforts to promote digital entrepreneurship;second,we should improve the operating mechanism of factor market and optimize the market environment for digital entrepreneurship;third,we should focus on the needs of industrial development to introduce and train talents,strengthen the construction of digital talent team;and fourth,we should unblock financing channels for start-ups to ease the financing dilemma of enterprises.