Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸畸形对脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数的影响

Effect of Kümmell's disease with kyphosis on spinal-pelvic sagittal parameters

目的:探讨Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸畸形对脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态的影响。方法:回顾性分析2015年8月至2022年9月收治的34例Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸畸形的患者(Kümmell病组),其中男10例,女24例,年龄(71.1±8.5)岁,以37例年龄(69.3±6.7)岁匹配的无症状人群为对照组。在站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数,包括节段性后凸角(segmental kyphosis,SK)或胸腰椎后凸(thoracolumbar kyphosis,TLK)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL),骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、T1骨盆角(T1 pelvic angle,TPA)以及骨盆入射角与腰椎前凸的匹配关系(PI-LL)。同时测量Kümmell病患者患椎椎体楔变角(wedge angle,WA),并分析WA、SK等与脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数的相关性。结果:Kümmell病组TK、SK、PT、SVA、TPA、PI-LL均高于对照组(P<0.05),Kümmell病组LL、SS低于对照组(P<0.05);两组PI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Kümmell病组患椎WA为(30.8±5.9)°,并与SK、TK有相关性(r=0.366,0.597,P<0.05),SK与LL、SS有相关性(r=0.539,-0.591,P<0.05),LL与PI、SS、SVA、TPA、PI-LL有相关性(r=0.559,0.741,-0.273,-0.356,-0.882,P<0.05)。结论:Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸不仅存在节段性后凸畸形,而且整体脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数亦发生改变,包括腰椎前凸丢失、骨盆后旋、躯干前倾等。Kümmell病的手术治疗不仅要重视塌陷椎体高度的恢复,对于合并脊柱后凸患者还要着眼于脊柱-骨盆矢状面的整体平衡。

Objective To explore the effect of Kümmell's disease with kyphosis on the sagittal morphology of the spine-pelvis.Methods A retrospective analysis of 34 patients of Kümmell's disease with kyphosis(Kümmell group)admitted from August 2015 to September 2022,including 10 males and 24 females with an average age of(71.1±8.5)years old.A control group of 37 asymptomatic population aged(69.3±6.7)years old was matched.Spinal-pelvic sagittal parameters were measured on the anterior-posterior and lateral X-rays of the whole spine in the standing position,including segmental kyphosis(SK)or thoracolumbar kyphosis(TLK),thoracic kyphosis(TK),lumbar lordosis(LL),pelvic incidence(PI),pelvic tilt(PT),sacral slope(SS),sagittal vertical axis(SVA),T1 pelvic angle(TPA)and PI-LL.Vertebral wedge angle(WA)in Kümmell was measured and differences in parameters among groups were analyzed and the relationship between spino-pelvic parameters and WA,SK were also investigated.Results TK,SK,PT,SVA,TPA and PI-LL in Kümmell group were significantly larger than those in control group(P<0.05),LL and SS in Kümmell group were significantly decreased than those in control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in PI between two groups(P>0.05).In Kümmell group,WA(30.8±5.9)°showed a positive correlation with SK and TK(r=0.366,0.597,P<0.05),and SK was significantly correlated with LL and SS(r=0.539,-0.591,P<0.05).Strong positive correlation between LL and PI,SS,SVA,TPA,PI-LL were also confirmed in patients with Kümmell with kyphosis(r=0.559,0.741,-0.273,-0.356,-0.882,P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with Kümmell with kyphosis not only have segmental kyphosis,but also changes the overall spinal-pelvic sagittal parameters,including loss of lumbar lordosis,pelvic retrorotation,trunk forward tilt.The surgical treatment of Kümmell disease should not only pay attention to the recovery of the height of the collapsed vertebra,but also focus on the overall balance of the spine-pelvic sagittal plane for patients with kyphosis.