合成摩擦材料在轨道交通领域的应用与发展

Application and development of organic friction materials in rail transit field

合成摩擦材料以其重量轻、摩擦系数稳定、性能可调节性强等优点,成为轨道交通列车制动装置中的关键材料,主要产品应用于制动的合成闸片、合成闸瓦和用于踏面清扫及修形的研磨子。综合概述了合成摩擦材料在我国轨道交通领域的发展历程,详细介绍了3种产品的物理力学性能和摩擦性能特点,并就合成摩擦材料在铁路机车、城市轨道交通列车、动车组列车等轨道交通上的应用实例和发展情况做了分析。基于列车行驶和制动的复杂工况,对合成摩擦材料在使用过程中常见的金属镶嵌、裂纹、异常磨耗等问题进行成因剖析并提出解决策略。面对轨道交通“提速、重载、轻量化、安全”的发展趋势,提出合成摩擦材料在深化基础理论研究、更高速度等级应用及摩擦副匹配关系等方向的发展需求,为我国在合成摩擦材料的研究及应用提供参考和思路。

The organic friction material has become the key material in the braking device of rail transit trains due to its advantages of light weight,stable friction coefficient and strong adjustable performance.The main products include organic brake pad,organic brake shoe and abrasive block for tread cleaning and modification.In this paper,the history of organic friction materials in rail transit field in China is introduced,and the physical and mechanical properties and frictional properties of the three products are introduced in detail.The application examples and development of organic friction materials in rail transit such as railway locomotives,urban rail transit trains and EMU trains are analyzed.Based on the complex operating conditions of train operation and braking,the causes of common problems such as metal inlays,cracks and abnormal wear during the use of organic friction materials are analyzed and the solutions are provided.Facing the development trend of"speed increase,heavy load,lightweight and safety"in rail transit field,the development needs of organic friction materials in deepening basic theoretical research,higher speed application and friction pair matching relationship are put forward.This paper strives to provide reference experience and ideas for the research and application of organic friction materials in China.