费米气体通过量子点接触的输运行为简介

INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSPORT OF FERMI GASES THROUGH QUANTUM POINT CONTACTS

输运测量是研究物质状态基本性质的重要工具。其中通过量子点接触(Quantum Point Contact)的输运是介观物理学中一个非常有趣的现象。在无相互作用或弱相互作用费米系统中,电导随门电压的变化呈现出量子化的阶梯状,这一现象揭示了物质的量子特性。近年来,冷原子体系中输运的研究已成为该领域的前沿研究之一冷原子体系具有高度可操控性的特点,也存在许多新奇物态,因此可以在冷原子的输运实验中观测到许多材料物理中无法观测到的新的实验现象。本文将以综述的形式介绍冷原子费米气体通过量子点接触的输运行为的一些前沿实验进展,此外,我们也将介绍处理该体系常用的非平衡场论方法。

Transport measurement is an important tool for studying the fundamental properties of matter.Among them,transport through quantum point contacts is a very interesting phenomenon in mesoscopic physics.In non-interacting or weakly interacting Fermi systems,the conductivity exhibits quantized behavior as a function of gate voltage,revealing the quantum nature of matter.In recent years,transport in cold atomic systems has become one of the frontiers in this field.Cold atomic systems have highly are controllable and exhibit many novel phases,leading to new experimental phenomena that cannot be observed in traditional material physics.This article will review some of the latest experimental progress in transport through quantum point contacts in cold atomic Fermi gases,and will also introduce the non-equilibrium field theoretical methods commonly used to study this system.