截至2023年底中国铁路隧道情况统计及2023年新开通重点项目隧道情况介绍

Statistics of China′s Railway Tunnels by the End of 2023 and Overview of Tunnels of Key New Projects in 2023

对截至2023年底中国铁路隧道、高速铁路隧道、特长铁路隧道情况进行统计。结果显示,截至2023年底,中国铁路营业里程达到15.9万km,其中,投入运营的铁路隧道18 573座,总长23 508 km;中国已投入运营的高速铁路总长超过4.5万km,共建成高速铁路隧道4 561座,总长7 735 km,其中,长度大于10 km的特长隧道115座,长约1 471 km;中国投入运营的特长铁路隧道共286座,长约3 869 km,其中,长度20 km以上特长铁路隧道13座,长约312 km。最后,对2023年新开通的重点项目贵南铁路隧道、成兰铁路成都至川主寺段隧道的概况及特点进行介绍,并总结其技术经验;同时对广汕铁路隧道、金甬铁路隧道、南崇铁路留村大直径盾构隧道、和邢铁路隧道的技术应用进行总结。贵南铁路通过空间选线、创新岩溶处理手段,以及加强运营期间的排水措施,有效降低了岩溶发育地区高速铁路运营的安全风险;成兰铁路设计充分贯彻“减灾选线”的理念,大规模减小了运营期间的安全风险,另外创新了隧道通过活动断裂带的处理技术。随着铁路建设向西部地区转移,隧道建设将面临埋深更大、地应力更高、地质构造更加复杂、高海拔地区缺氧等系列建设问题,仍需要各位同仁共同攻坚克难,不断创新隧道修建技术。

The statistical data on tunnels respectively on conventional railways,high-speed railways,and extra-long railways in China by the end of 2023 are presented.According to the data,China′s operating railways have reached a total length of 159000 km by the end of 2023.Among these operating railways,there were 18573 tunnels with a total length of 23508 km.The high-speed railways put into service in China have surpassed 45000 km in total length,incorporating 4561 tunnels built with a cumulative length of 7735 km.Notably,115 of them were classified as extra-long,measuring over 10 km each,and their total length amounted to approximately 1471 km.Furthermore,China has opened 286 extra-long railway tunnels,spanning approximately 3869 km in length.Out of these tunnels,13 tunnels were longer than 20 km each,accounting for a total length of approximately 312 km.The authors also provide an overview of tunnels located on the new key projects opened in 2023,including Guiyang-Nanning railway and Chengdu-Chuanzhusi section of Chengdu-Lanzhou railway.The characteristics of these tunnels are highlighted,along with a summary of the technical experience gained from them.Moreover,the authors summarize the application of technologies in an array of tunnels,including those on Guangzhou-Shanwei high-speed railway and Ningbo-Jinhua railway,as well as the Liucun large-diameter TBM tunnel on Nanning-Chongzuo railway and tunnels on Heshun-Xingtai railway.Specifically,Guiyang-Nanning railway offers a paradigm that effectively mitigates safety risks associated with operating high-speed railways in karst-developed areas.This approach involves 3D spatial route selection,implementing innovative methods for karst treatment,and enhancing drainage measures during operation.The design of Chengdu-Lanzhou railway fully reflects the concept of"priority to disaster reduction in route selection".This concept has resulted in a notable reduction of safety hazards during operation.In addition,innovative treatment techniques have been applied in tunnels that traverse active fault zones.As railway development in China continues to expand towards the western regions,tunnel construction faces a range of significant challenges.These include increasing burial depth,higher ground stress,complex geological tectonism,and oxygen-deficient environments in high-altitude areas.It is imperative for industry peers to collaboratively address these challenges and make continuous innovations to advance tunnel construction technologies.