慈溪潮塘江元代沉船保存状态研究

Preservation status of a Yuan Dynasty shipwreck in Chaotang River of Cixi

慈溪潮塘江元代沉船是慈溪地区迄今发现并经科学发掘的第一艘古代沉船,船体结构保存较为完整,现存10道隔舱壁板。通过14C测年进一步确认沉船所属时代为元代(1271年—1368年)。在沉船船体70个监测点位采集样品,从树种类型、木材化学组分、硫铁元素含量以及微生物病害种类等多个角度开展检测研究,全面调查分析沉船病害情况。结果表明,慈溪潮塘江元代沉船木材样品整体保存状态较好,由于长期处于内河道埋藏环境,木材处于饱水状态,最大含水率主要集中分布于185%~400%之间,局部区域呈现变色、变形、扭曲、开裂现象,木材化学组分呈现低综纤维素、高灰分的特点,含有少量硫铁元素,属于中度腐蚀状态,亟待开展盐分脱除与填充加固等船体保护工作。

The shipwreck in Chaotang River of Cixi is the first ancient shipwreck discovered and scientifically excavated in this area.Its hull construction is generally intact and has 10 existing compartment wall panels.The 14 C dating revealed that the shipwreck belonged to the Yuan Dynasty(1271 AD-1368 AD).To investigate and analyze the shipwreck’s disease situation,samples were collected from 70 monitoring points on the hull,and testing was conducted from various perspectives,including tree types,chemical composition of wood,sulfur and iron element contents and microbial disease types.The results show that the wood samples of the shipwreck in Chaotang River of Cixi were in a water-saturated state due to a long-term burial environment in the inland waterway,the maximum moisture contents were mainly between 185%-400%,some areas exhibited the phenomena of discoloration,deformation,twisting and cracking,and the chemical composition of wood exhibited the characteristics of low cellulose and high ash.It is in a state of moderate corrosion and thus requires immediate hull conservation work such as desalination and filling reinforcement.