关于亚洲中高纬区极端气候的研究——国家自然科学基金重大项目内容及阶段进展简介

Research on the Extreme Climate in Middle and High Latitudes of Asia—Brief Introduction to the Content and Progress of Major Projects Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

近年来极端气候的发生频率和强度有明显增强的趋势,在我国尤为突出(Yin et al., 2023b),造成了越来越大的对经济社会和人民生命安全的威胁。我国科学家也越来越关注我国及东亚区域的极端气候问题。对比而言,亚洲中高纬区虽然也是气候变化的高敏感区,受到的关注却相当少,可能是源于气候资料的相对欠缺,也可能和亚洲高纬度区域(特别是西伯利亚地区)人口少、经济社会发展滞后有关。实际上,随着对于北极放大效应的研究的深入,极其有必要开展对整个亚洲中高纬区开展气候变化影响和极端气候研究,把我国科学家高度关注的研究区域从东亚区向北延伸。其中有很多关键科学问题需要研究,特别是该区域极端气候的形成与变异过程、机制以及可预测性,极端气候对生态系统的影响,极端气候的未来演变趋势,等等。因此,国家自然科学基金委地学部在择优的基础上以重大项目的方式支持了这个方面的研究(项目执行期为2020~2024年)。本文概要介绍了该项目的框架和若干初步研究进展。

In recent years,the frequency and intensity of extreme climate have considerably increased,particularly in China(Yin et al.,2023b),posing increasing threats to socio-economic and life security.Chinese scientists are paying increasing attention to the extreme climate in China and East Asia.Although the middle and high latitudes of Asia are highly sensitive to climate change,they have received relatively little attention,which may be attributed to the low amount of climatic data available or the low population and economic and social development in the high latitudes of Asia(particularly Siberia).Due to the deepening of the research on the amplification effect of Arctic warming,it is extremely necessary to perform research on the effect of climate change and extreme climate in the middle and high latitudes of Asia and extend our research concern from East Asia to the north.In addition,there are many key scientific issues that need to be addressed,particularly the processes,mechanisms,and predictability of extreme climates in the region,their effect on ecosystems,and their future evolution.Therefore,the Geoscience Division of the National Natural Science Foundation of China supported this research as a major project based on a merit-based selection(the project implementation period is 2020-2024).In this paper,the author briefly introduces the framework of the project and discusses some preliminary research progress.