生物炭材料应用于超级电容器的研究进展

Research progress of biochar materials applied in supercapacitors

生物炭具有来源广泛、价格低廉、导电性优异、形貌易调控和物理化学性能稳定等优点,被广泛应用于超级电容器领域中。通过调控炭材料的多孔结构与形貌结构、杂原子掺杂、复合高电容量材料以及材料尺度纳米化等,可不断获得超级电容器综合性能优异的生物炭材料。文章首先阐述超级电容器的储能机理及分类,再总结了不同生物质结构、元素特征和各种生物炭表征技术。在此基础上,从炭材料形貌、孔结构、石墨程度、表面官能团、元素掺杂和材料复合角度总结了生物炭材料超级电容器储能性能提升的优化手段。随后,详细介绍了0D、1D、2D、3D纳米生物炭材料在超级电容器方面的研究进展。为制备高性能超级电容器生物炭电极材料提供了有效的研究参考方向。

Biochar has been widely used in the field of supercapacitors due to their wide source,low price,excellent electrical conductivity,adjustable morphology and strong physicochemical stability.Biochar with excellent comprehensive properties of supercapacitors can be obtained continuously by adjusting the porous structure and morphology structure of carbon materials,doping heteroatom,compositing high-capacitance materials,and constructing nano-biochar material.This paper firstly introduces the energy storage mechanism and classification of supercapacitors,subsequently summarizes the structural and elemental characteristics of biomass precursors,and then reviews the various characterization techniques used in biochar.On this basis,the optimization measures for supercapacitors of biochar are summarized from the viewpoints of the morphology of biochar,pore structure,graphite degree,surface functional groups,element doping and material composite.Then,the research progress of 0,1,2 and 3-dimensional biochar nanomaterial supercapacitors is emphatically introduced in detail.This paper provides an effective research direction for preparing biochar electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors.