铝基非晶合金的制备、性能与应用研究进展

Progress in Research on Preparation,Properties and Application of Al-based Amorphous Alloys

铝基非晶合金因其独特的物理和化学性能在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景,综述了铝基非晶合金的成分体系、制备方法、性能特点及应用研究进展。首先,介绍了铝基非晶合金的发展历史和成分体系,目前铝基非晶主要分为3大体系:二元、三元和多元体系,以及综合性能和形成能力2大方面,多元体系表现更佳,并逐渐向更多元化发展;其次,系统介绍了铝基非晶合金的制备方法,包括粉末状、薄带状、块体样品的制备,相较于非晶薄带的制备,块体和粉状的制备方法较为丰富,而粉状非晶通常作为铝基非晶涂层的预制材料;随后,详细介绍了铝基非晶合金的性能特点、应用现状及发展趋势,从性能上来看,铝基非晶在强度和硬度以及耐腐蚀性能上表现良好,目前主要以涂层的形式参与应用,除此之外,研究者们也开始对磁性和热塑性展开研究,由于玻璃形成能力的限制,作为结构材料的应用较少;最后,对其未来应用前景进行了展望,认为涂层是目前铝基非晶合金最具应用前景的工程化方式。

Aluminum-based amorphous alloys have a wide application prospect in many fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties.The composition system,preparation methods,properties and application of aluminum-based amorphous alloys were reviewed in this paper.First of all,the development history and composition system of aluminum-based amorphous alloys were introduced.At present,aluminum-based amorphous alloys can be divided into three major systems of binary,ternary and multicomponent systems,and two aspects of comprehensive properties and forming ability.At present,the aluminum-based amorphous system is mainly more than ternary system,gradually developing to multicomponent system.Sec-ondly,the preparation methods of aluminum-based amorphous alloys were systematically introduced,including the preparation of powder,thin ribbon and bulk samples.Compared with the preparation of amorphous ribbons,the preparation methods of bulk and powder are more abundant.Powdered amorphous is usually used as the prefabricated material of aluminum-based amor-phous coating.Then,the performance characteristics,application status and development trend of aluminum-based amorphous alloy were introduced in detail.From the point of view of properties,aluminum-based amorphous alloy performs well in strength,hardness and corrosion resistance.At present,it is mainly used in the form of coating.There are also some applications as functional materials by using the magnetic and thermoplastic properties of aluminum amorphous alloys,but due to the limita-tion of glass forming ability,they are rarely used as structural materials.Finally,the prospect of its application in the future was prospected.It is considered that the coating is the most promising engineering method for aluminum-based amorphous alloys at present.