常见康复训练在轻度认知障碍中的研究进展

Research Progress of Common Rehabilitation Training Methods in Mild Cognitive Impairment

轻度认知障碍(MCI)是一种介于正常衰老和痴呆之间的中间状态,患者表现为日常生活仍能独立自主,但记忆和思维能力发生减退。临床上,MCI有较高的风险进展为痴呆,因此,MCI的早期治疗对于延缓痴呆的发生、发展有重要意义。目前,MCI主要以药物治疗为主,长期的药物治疗具有强烈的成瘾性,还会产生毒副作用。因此探索有效的康复训练方法变得极为重要。MCI患者的康复训练主要包括认知训练、有氧运动、无创神经调控(NIBS)、高压氧疗法等。认知训练是一种通过多任务联合模式持续地刺激患者使得脑内神经网络重建,改善认知功能,这种干预措施在认知康复中的有效性已经获得大部分患者欢迎。有氧运动是一种日常性训练模式,通过各肌群协调工作增加患者脑组织的灌注量,提高患者的反应能力和认知功能,因其训练方式贴近生活且易为患者所接受。NIBS是一种新兴技术,以简便、安全为主要特点,利用外接设备与大脑皮层区域联系,激活大脑相应功能,从而改善认知功能。高压氧疗法是一种较为成熟的治疗方式,利用大气压差有效提高脑组织及血流含氧量,进而稳定控制血氧饱和度,对MCI患者的脑组织损伤也具有较明显的治疗效果。康复训练在临床上具有安全性高、操作简单等优势而逐渐受到大众的关注,故针对常见的康复训练及其方案进行总结和归纳,对临床上制定治疗方案提供一定参考。

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a transition state between normal aging and dementia,in which a person is still able to be independent in daily activities,but memory and logical thinking skills may have a distinctly decline.In clinical practice,MCI has a high risk of progressing to dementia,so early treatment of MCI is crucial in delaying the onset and progression to dementia.Drug treatment is now the primary approach for MCI,but long-term drug treatment can lead to strong addictive tendencies and produce toxic side effects.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to explore effective rehabilitation training methods.Rehabilitation training for MCI patients mainly includes cognitive training,aerobic exercise,non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS),and hyperbaric oxygen therapy,etc.Cognitive training is a kind of continuous stimulation of patients through multi-task combined pattern to rebuild the neural network in the brain so as to improve cognitive function.This intervention has been widely sought after by patients for its effectiveness in cognitive rehabilitation.Aerobic exercise is a kind of daily training mode,which aims to increase the perfusion of patients'brain tissue through the coordination of muscle groups,improve patients'reaction ability and cognitive function.Its training method is close to life which makes it easily accepted by patients.NIBS is an emerging technology characterized by simplicity and safety.It uses external devices to connect with the cerebral cortical areas and activate the corresponding functions in the brain,thereby improving cognitive function.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a relatively mature treatment method,which uses atmospheric pressure difference to effectively improve the oxygen content in brain tissue and blood flow,thereby stabilizing and controlling the blood oxygen saturation.It also has a significant therapeutic effect on brain tissue injury in MCI patients.Rehabilitation training has gradually caught the eye of the public due to its high safety and simple operation in clinical practice.Therefore,the common rehabilitation training methods have been summarized and generalized which could provide certain references for the development of clinical treatment programs.