我国行政体制的现状、变化与改革

The Status Quo,Changes and Reform of China’s Administrative System

我国采用网状行政体制,虽然推进了多种类型改革措施,均未解决体制存在的部门分割和信息壁垒问题。数字时代,随着案卷材料等数据化,数据成为重要行政资源。数字治理未改变科层级体制,但促进了平台型、整体型、多元共治型行政体制的形成和发展,数据共享及业务协同促成了行政活动中的线型行政体制。数字时代须改革科层制行政体制,减少管理层级,建立扁平化、线型行政体制。行政体制改革的重点是纵向不同层级政府间事权差异化配置,推行“省直管县”改革和“设区的市”与市辖区一级管理体制。数字时代行政机关之间的协助、配合成为常态,跨部门全面综合行政执法体制已无必要,不同部门、层级、地区协调、配合的全国一体化行政执法体制成为必然。宜将各类行政登记职责上升为中央事权,国家成立统一登记机构集中办理居民身份、婚姻、工商、不动产等登记事项。

China has adopted a reticulated administrative system,and although various types of reform measures have been promoted,none of them has solved the problems of sectoral division and information barriers that exist in the system.In the digital age,it is necessary to reform the hierarchical administrative system,reduce the management levels and establish a flat,linear administrative system.The focus of administrative system reform is to differentiate the allocation of authority between different levels of government vertically,and to implement corresponding reforms.In the digital age,assistance and cooperation between administrative organs has become the norm,and a comprehensive cross-departmental administrative law enforcement system is no longer necessary;a national integrated administrative law enforcement system that coordinates and cooperates between different departments,levels and regions has become inevitable.It would be appropriate to elevate administrative registration responsibilities to the level of centralized authority,with the state setting up a unified registration agency to centralize the handling of matters concerned.