“土地换社保”能改变老年人的传统养老观念和养老行为吗?——来自征地养老保险政策实验的证据

Can "Land for Social Security" Change Farmers' Traditional Perceptions and behaviour of Old-age Support? Evidence from Experiment of Land Expropriation Pension Insurance

“养儿防老”和“土地是命根子”塑造了中国农村社会千百年来不变的传统观念和养老模式,也构成了现代化转型的瓶颈。着眼于破解后者的“土地换社保”政策能否“一石两鸟”,既冲击“养儿防老”的传统观念,又能改变养老行为呢?本文从征地养老保险的政策实验安排出发,使用2011—2018年CHARLS数据,考察征地养老保险对传统养老观念和养老行为的影响。研究结果表明,征地养老保险使得农村老年人“养儿防老”的概率显著降低28.7%,减少了来自子女的代际经济支持,增加了对子女的经济支持力度,促进了社交活动参与,而对居住方式、劳动参与和孙子女照料没有显著影响。而一次性征地货币补偿等替代方案均不具备类似功能。本文还进行了异质性分析和稳健性检验,发现征地养老保险对老年人养老观念和养老行为的影响在高水平的征地养老保险地区和三个以上子女的家庭的影响更大。本文的结果表明,提供高水平稳定收入流的征地养老保险不但能弥补征地对农民造成的损失,还能改变农村传统养老观念和养老行为。

Traditional concepts in rural China D“Raising son to support” and “Land is the lifeblood”Dhas hindered economic modernization.Using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)data from 2011 to 2018,this paper analyzes the impact of land expropriation pension insurance on traditional endowment concept.The results show that receiving land expropriation pension insurance significantly reduces the probability of the rural elderly keeping traditional endowment concepts by 20 percentage points.This means that the land expropriation pension insurance can not only compensate the damage caused by land expropriation,but also transform the traditional endowment concept through providing a high level of stable income flow.The results also show that other means such as land expropriate and one-time monetary compensation does not have similar functions.This paper has important policy implication for improving rural related policies,doing a good job in the aftermath of land acquisition,transforming traditional rural concepts,and realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.