从自然共同体到人类命运共同体——关于人类生存方式、共同命运及未来全球秩序的思考

From a Natural Community to a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind:Reflections on Human Lifestyle,Common Destiny,and the Global Order

从自然共同体直到生产力推动下“人类社会”的兴起,人类历史日益成为普遍交往的世界历史。随着资本主义全球化的深入,现代性、现代思想和主权观念客观上也扩展到了世界各地,两次世界大战之后殖民主义体系瓦解,现代国际社会逐步形成。自20世纪中后期首次具备毁灭自身的能力以来,人类进入与以往时代有着根本区别的生存性风险时代,人类共同命运初步显现。正是在这些历史基础之上,着眼于应对日益严峻的全球性挑战,中国创造性提出人类命运共同体理念。这一理念深深植根于马克思主义哲学,传承了中国传统文化的深厚底蕴,立基于正在形成中的人类共同命运,着眼于人类整体利益和共同价值,针对当下人类社会面临的日益紧迫的生存性风险,为人类文明可持续发展提供了应对方案和前进方向。人类命运共同体是一个以人类共同命运为核心特征的价值共同体,全球化推动世界历史的深化以及人类面临的生存性风险构成了人类命运共同体的物质基础和社会心理基础,而人类的共同领会及其基础上形成的共同价值共识构成了人类命运共同体的内在规定。全球秩序正处于激烈变革时期,人类命运共同体代表了人类未来的发展方向,通过积极发挥全球治理的功能和作用,一种人类命运共同体秩序正在形成。

From the natural community to the rise of human society driven by productivity,human history has increasingly become the world history of universal communication.With the expansion of Europe and the deepening of capitalist globalization,modernity,modern thinking,and sovereignty concepts have objectively expanded around the world.After the two world wars,colonialism collapsed,and modern international society gradually formed.Since the mid to late 2Oth century,when humans first possessed the ability to destroy themselves,they have entered an era of survival risks that is fundamentally different from previous eras,and a common destiny for humanity has begun to emerge.It is precisely on these historical foundations that China has creatively proposed the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,with a focus on addressing increasingly severe global challenges.This concept is rooted not only in the logic of Marxist political philosophy but also in the profound foundation of traditional Chinese culture.It is based on the emerging common destiny of humanity,focuses on the overall interests and common values of humanity,and provides a resolving plan and direction for the sustainable development of human civilization in response to the increasingly urgent survival risks faced by human society.A community with a shared future for mankind is a value community characterized by a common destiny for humanity.The objective survival risks faced by humanity constitute the material foundation of a community with a shared future for mankind,and the human common understanding and the common value consensus constitute the inherent provisions of a community with a shared future for mankind.The global order is undergoing a period of intense transformation,and a community with a shared future for mankind represents the direction of the future.Through active exercise of the role and function of global governance,a global order of a community with a shared future for mankind is taking shape.