共同富裕目标下农村住房制度框架展望——基于制度变迁视角

Prospective Framework of the Rural Housing System under the Goal of Common Prosperity:From the Perspective of Institutional Changes

本文从农村住房的居住属性、财产属性和资源属性出发,建立面向农村住房的制度变迁分析框架,旨在探讨如何构建农村住房制度。研究发现:共同富裕已成为构建农村住房制度的“集体行动目标”,农村住房制度亦是实现共同富裕目标的必要制度供给之一,应具备安居宜居、包容使用和跨域调配三大基本特征。宅基地制度在解决农村住房问题中重“地”轻“房”、重保障轻财产、重数量轻区位,导致农村住房出现居住属性保障不足、财产属性愈加受限、资源属性难以活化的困境。据此,本文展望了共同富裕目标下的农村住房制度框架:一是建立可持续的宅基地供给制度和激励内生发展的农房保障制度以增强居住属性,二是建立适度开放的农房流转制度和包容有序的农房使用制度以显化财产属性,三是建立凭证化的宅基地实现制度和跨村有偿的宅基地调配制度以激活资源属性。

This paper starts from the residential,property,and resource attributes of rural housing,to establish the institutional change analysis framework for rural,aiming to explore how to construct rural housing system.The results show that common prosperity has become the"new collective action goal'of building rural housing system,and rural housing system is also one of the necessary institutional supplies to achieve the goal of common prosperity,which should have three basic characteristics:comfortable living,inclusive use,and cross-domain deployment.In solving the rural housing problems,the homestead system attaches more importance to land than house,more importance to security than property,and more importance to quantity than location,which leads to the dilemma of insufficient guarantee of the residential attribute,increasingly limits of the property attribute,and dificult activation of the resource atribute in rural housing.Based on this,the framework of rural housing system under the goal of common prosperity is outlined in a forward-looking form.First,a sustainable homestead supply system and a rural housing security system that encourages endogenous development should be established to enhance the residential attribute.Second,a moderately open rural housing circulation system and an inclusive and orderly rural housing use system should be established to manifest the property attribute.The third is to establish a voucher homestead realization system and a cross-village paid homestead allocation system to activate the resource attribute.