科教融合培养拔尖创新人才的政策变迁与实践探索

Policy Evolution and Practical Exploration of Cultivating Top-Notch Innovative Talents Based on the Integration of Research and Teaching

科教融合是现代大学尤其是研究型大学的办学理念。从理念嬗变来看,其出发点和落脚点始终是人才培养,但也会带来高等教育组织变革与创新。新中国成立以来,我国科教融合理念演变经历了萌芽期、探索期、发展期和创新期四个阶段。从当前我国拔尖创新人才培养实践来看,为实现优质科教资源整合,高校围绕发挥科研专家、组织创新和科研平台资源集聚优势,形成了大师领衔、书院制培养和科研平台依托三种科教融合育人模式。拔尖创新人才是最重要的人才资源,是科技创新的主力军,发挥科研育人优势是拔尖创新人才培养的必由之路。但提高科教融合育人成效还需在培养理念、培养方案、培养过程、培养制度等方面持续改进,全面提升拔尖创新人才自主培养能力。

The integration of research and teaching is the philosophy of modern universities, especially for research universities. From the transmutation of this philosophy, it always takes talent cultivation as the starting point and foothold and also causes organizational changes and innovations in higher education. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the evolution of the philosophy of integration of research and teaching in China has gone through four periods: embryonic period, exploration period, development period, and innovation period. From the current practice of cultivating top-notch innovative talents in China, in order to realize the integration of highquality research and teaching resources, universities have taken advantage of research experts, organizational innovation, and research platforms, and formed three integrated education modes of research and teaching, namely,master-led, academy system cultivation, and platform-dependent. Top-notch innovative talents are the most important talent resource and the main force of scientific and technological innovation;giving full play to the advantages of cultivating talents by research is the proper and necessary way to cultivate top-notch innovative talents. However, it is still needed to continuously improve in various aspects such as cultivation philosophy,cultivation program, cultivation process, and cultivation system, so as to increase the effectiveness of integration of research and teaching and comprehensively enhance the ability of independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents.