铁路路基施工工艺及职业病危害因素分析

Analysis of Construction Technology of Railway Subgrade and the Occupational Hazards

调查铁路路基施工工艺及施工过程中职业病危害因素,分析其对劳动者健康的危害程度,提出防护对策建议。对铁路路基施工现场进行职业卫生学调查及工作场所职业病危害因素检测。铁路路基施工现场人工作业人员、钻孔工和爆破工接触矽尘/其他粉尘、噪声,水泥浆制备作业人员接触水泥粉尘,电焊工接触电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物(以MnO_(2)计),混凝土工接触噪声和手传振动等职业病危害因素的浓度或强度超过国家职业卫生标准限值。通过采取职业病防护设施、个人防护用品、应急救援管理和日常监督管理的综合防治措施,铁路路基施工各岗位的职业病风险在可控范围内,能够满足职业病防治相关法律、法规、标准的要求。

To investigate the construction technology of railway subgrade and the occupational hazards in the process of construction,analyze the degree of harm to workers'health,and put forward suggestions for protective measures.Occupational hygiene investigation and occupational hazards testing in the workplace were carried out on the construction site of railway subgrade.The concentrations or intensities of occupational disease hazards such as manual workers,drillers and blasters at the railway subgrade construction site were exposed to silica dust/other dusts and noise,cement slurry preparation workers were exposed to cement dust,welders were exposed to welding fumes,manganese and its compounds(calculated as MnO_(2)),and concrete workers were exposed to noise and hand-transmitted vibration.It is proposed that by taking comprehensive prevention and control measures such as occupational disease prevention facilities,personal protective equipment,emergency rescue management and daily supervision and management,the occupational disease risks of each post in railway subgrade construction can be controlled and meet the requirements of relevant laws,regulations and standards for occupational disease prevention and control.