税收优惠政策对科技型中小企业研发投入影响的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Preferential Tax Policies on the R&D Investment of Small and Medium-sized Technology-based Enterprises

税收优惠政策作为政府支持企业科技创新的重要手段,是解决创新的外部性导致企业创新动力不足的有效激励机制。本文基于2015—2022年我国新三板挂牌的科技型中小企业共5438个样本量,研究了税收优惠政策对科技型中小企业研发投入的影响效果,围绕政府治理和企业治理两个层面,从地方财政压力和独立董事规模与股权集中度作为切入点,并将其作为调节变量,提出假设并构建模型进行回归分析和稳健性检验。结果表明,税收优惠政策与科技型中小企业研发投入呈正相关,地方财政压力和股权集中度会削弱税收优惠对科技型中小企业研发投入的正向影响,而独立董事规模会增强税收优惠对科技型中小企业研发投入的正向影响。最后,从政府、企业、社会三个层面出发提出了相关建议。

As an important means for the government to support scientific and technological innovation in enterprises,preferential tax policies are an effective incentive mechanism for addressing their weak motivation to make innovations caused by the externality of innovation.It examines the impact of tax incentives on their R&D investment based on a sample size of 5,438 small and medium-sized technologybased enterprises listed on the New OTC Market of China from 2015 to 2022.Beginning with local financial pressure,independent director size,and ownership concentration used as moderating variables,it proposes a hypothesis and builds a model for the regression analysis and robustness testing by focusing on government governance and corporate management.The results show that preferential tax policies are positively correlated with the R&D investment of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises,and local fiscal pressure and ownership concentration will weaken the positive impact of preferential tax policies on their R&D investment,while the size of independent directors will enhance such impact.Finally,it puts forward some relevant suggestions from the perspectives of government,enterprises,and society.