燕麦种质资源形态学性状的遗传多样性

Analysis of the genetic diversity of morphological traits of oat germplasms

【目的】燕麦种质资源遗传多样性研究不仅有助于种质资源的收集和评价,而且对燕麦生产和育种具有重要指导意义。【方法】研究对260份燕麦种质资源的20个形态学性状多样性、变异及聚类进行分析,评价其形态学性状的遗传变异水平,明确燕麦种质资源的性状特点与遗传多样性,以期为燕麦种质创新和品种改良提供依据。【结果】260份燕麦种质资源形态学性状间存在广泛的遗传多样性,质量性状的遗传多样性指数以粒色最大(1.53),芒色最小(0.76);12个数量性状呈正态分布,数量性状的遗传多样性指数以千粒重最大(2.03),有效分蘖数最小(1.22),变异系数最大的是有效分蘖数(89.02%),最小的是株高(11.19%)。根据燕麦品种(系)间各性状的遗传差异,聚类分析将供试的260份燕麦种质资源分为6类,其中种质群Ⅰ包括42份材料,可作为种用型育种目标的亲本材料;种质群Ⅱ包括31份材料,可作为选育高产饲草品种的亲本材料;种质群Ⅳ包括41份材料,可作为选育大粒专用型品种的育种材料;种质群Ⅴ包括46份材料,可作为燕麦矮化的亲本材料;而种质群Ⅲ包括46份材料,种质群Ⅵ包括54份材料,这两类种质群材料的综合性状表现不突出。【结论】该研究可为内蒙古东部地区燕麦种质资源的保护和开发利用提供理论依据。

[Objective]The study of genetic diversity in oat germplasm resources not only contributes to the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources,but also has important guiding significance for the production and breeding of oats.[Methods]This study analyzed the diversity,variation,and clustering of 20 morphological traits in 260 oat germplasm resources,evaluated the genetic variation level of their morphological traits,and examined the traits and genetic diversity of oat germplasm resources,aiming to provide a basis for oat germplasm innovation and variety improvement.[Results]There was a significant genetic diversity of morphological traits in the 260 oat germplasm resources.The genetic diversity index of the qualitative traits was the highest in grain color(1.53)and the lowest in awn color(0.76).The genetic diversity index of the 12 quantitative traits was normally distributed,and that of the quantitative traits was the largest in thousand grain weight(2.03)and the smallest in effective tillers(1.22).The highest variable coefficient was the effective tillering number(89.02%),while the lowest was the plant height(11.19%).According to genetic difference of each characteristic varieties,the 260 accessions should be classified into 6 categories by cluster analysis.Germplasm group Ⅰ included 42 accessions which could be used as parent materials for seed type selection.Germplasm group Ⅱ had 31 accessions that could be used as parent materials for breeding high-yield forage varieties.Germplasm groupⅣincludes 41 accessions that could be used for breeding large grain varieties.Germplasm group Ⅴ includes 46 accessions that could be used as parents for oat dwarfing.Germplasm group Ⅲ included 46 accessions and group Ⅵ included 54 accessions,and both were not outstanding in comprehensive characters analyzed.[Conclusion]This study could provide theoretical basis for the protection,development and utilization of oat germplasm resources in eastern Inner Mongolia.