基于空间统计分析和地理探测器的中国海洋文化遗产空间区划

Spatial Zoning of China's Marine Cultural Heritage Based on Spatial Statistical Analysis and GeoDetector

海洋文化遗产是海洋文明的重要载体,也是海洋资源的重要组成部分,然而目前中国海洋空间规划中存在对海洋文化遗产资源认识不足的问题。文章借助ArcGIS空间统计和分析工具探析沿海11省市海洋文化遗产时空格局;并在此基础上构建影响因素指标体系,利用地理探测器对各指标因子权重进行量化。结果表明:1)山东半岛、长三角、海峡西岸地区海洋文化遗产分布的集聚特征显著。2)不同历史时期,海洋文化遗产分布具有明显的空间异质性。3)整体上,自然环境是影响海洋文遗产时空分布的主要因素;以秦岭-淮河一线为界,南部沿海地区遗产分布仍以自然环境影响最大,北部沿海地区遗产分布以经济因素影响最大。通过地理相关分析和综合指数聚类最终确定环渤海、长三角、海峡西岸、岭南海洋文化遗产区4个一级区和12个二级区。该区划方案与中国海洋文化的地域分异特征基本吻合,表明空间统计分析和地理探测器可为海洋文化遗产空间区划提供技术支撑。

Marine cultural heritage(MCH)is an essential carrier of marine civilization and a critical component of marine resources.However,it is often neglected in the current marine spatial planning(MSP)of many countries,leading to an imbalance between culture,ecology,and economy.The difficulty in defining specific spatial boundaries for areas with sociocultural value is one reason for this dilemma.This study covers 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China,and it aims to determine the spatial zoning scheme of MCH resources from macroscopic and quantitative perspectives and to provide a reference for the integrated management of marine resources.We analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern of MCH with the help of ArcGIS spatial statistics and analysis tools.We built an indicator system of influencing factors and quantified the weight of each indicator factor by GeoDetector.We drew the following conclusions:(1)The spatial distribution of MCH has significant clustering characteristics.The clustering areas are mainly concentrated in the Shandong Peninsula,the Yangtze River Delta,and the west coast of the Taiwan Straits;MCH in the Yangtze River Delta has the most vital continuity.(2)In different historical periods,the distribution of MCH has had apparent spatial heterogeneity.MCH was most densely distributed around the Shandong Peninsula and Yangtze River Delta during the Pre-Qin Period.During the Qin-Han Period,Guangdong and Guangxi became new hotspots;these moved northward to Fujian during the Sui-Tang Period.During the Song-Yuan to the Ming-Qing Period,the density of heritage in Fujian further increased.After the Modern Times,Liaodong Peninsula,Shandong Peninsula,and Tianjin formed the pattern of arching around the Bohai Sea.(3)The results of geographic correlation analysis show that,overall,watersheds have the greatest explanatory power on the MCH pattern.In contrast,dialects have the greatest explanatory power in the northern and southern coastal areas,respectively.The results of the detection of influencing factor indicators show that,from the overall scope,natural elements are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of MCH,with a weight of 37.4%.Economic elements are first in the northern coastal area,weighing 30.2%.In the southern coastal area,natural elements are in the first place,with a contribution value of 32.0%,and the contribution value of cultural and economic elements is similar.(4)Based on the spatial and temporal distribution,relevant influencing factors,and composition characteristics of MCH,the 11 coastal provinces and cities can be divided into four heritage regions,namely,the Bohai Rim,Yangtze River Delta,west coast of the Taiwan Straits,and Lingnan MCH area,in addition to 12 secondary regions.The zoning scheme is consistent with the geographical differentiation of Chinese marine culture,which indicates that spatial statistical analysis and GeoDetector can provide technical support for the spatial zoning of MCH resources.This methodology applies equally to zoning studies of marine intangible cultural heritage and other thematic cultural heritage.The results can provide a reference for managing marine resources under national spatial planning as well as a basis for creating cultural brands in coastal cities.