产业数字化的就业技能结构效应研究

Research on Employment Structure Effect of Industrial Digitization

以数字技术和实体经济融合为特征的产业数字化快速发展,衍生出多种新型就业形态,对就业技能结构产生了深刻影响。在分析产业数字化对劳动力就业技能结构影响机理基础上,文章基于国家统计局2021年颁布的数字经济产业统计分类标准构建了产业数字化综合指标体系,利用熵值法测算出2011~2020年中国各地区产业数字化水平,构建固定效应基准回归模型和调节效应模型,从省际层面实证检验了产业数字化对就业技能结构的效应。结果表明产业数字化提高了中高技能劳动力就业比重,降低了低技能劳动力就业份额,优化了就业技能结构。其中,产业结构高级化和互联网发展水平在产业数字化对劳动力就业技能结构的影响中发挥了调节作用。产业结构高级化和互联网发展水平均正向调节了产业数字化对高技能劳动力就业的促进作用,减弱了产业数字化对中等技能劳动力就业的正效应。异质性研究表明东部地区产业数字化对就业技能结构影响显著,而中西部地区影响并不明显。进一步拓展分析发现地区外包水平会强化产业数字化对高技能劳动力就业的促进作用。因此,建议加快产业数字化进程、提升全社会劳动力数字技能水平、完善区域协调发展、提高FDI和外包质量,发挥产业数字化对就业技能结构的升级优化效应,实现充分和高质量就业目标。

The continuous expansion of the scale of the digital economy has had a profound impact on the employability skills structure.Based on the classification standard of digital economy industry statistics issued by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2021,this paper constructs a comprehensive index system of industrialization digitalization,uses the entropy method to estimate the level of industrial digitalization in various regions of China from 2011 to 2020,and empirically tests the effect of industrial digitalization on employment skill structure from the provincial level.The results show that industrial digitalization increases the employment share of high-skilled labor,decreases the employment share of low-skilled labor,and optimizes the employment skill structure.Among them,the advanced industrial structure and the development level of the Internet play a moderating role in the impact of industrial digitalization on labor employment.The heterogeneity study shows that industrial digitization has a significant impact on employment skill structure in the eastern region,but not in the central and western regions.Further expansion analysis shows that the level of regional outsourcing will strengthen the role of industrial digitalization in promoting the employment of highly skilled labor.