档案行政执法裁量基准制度的检视与调适

An Inspection and Adjustment of the Discretionary Criterion System in Administrative Law Enforcement of Archives

档案行政执法裁量基准是为规范档案行政执法裁量权的使用而制定的细化标准。我国档案行政执法裁量基准设定的地方经验表明,“情节细化”和“效果格化”为其主要技术构造。然而,既有的档案行政执法裁量基准存在碎片化严重、内容粗糙与冗余并存以及类型单一等方面的问题,难以满足档案执法实践的需求。需要通过法律—行政法规—规章三个层面的规范供给,强化档案行政执法裁量基准制度的体系性;通过进一步细化裁量因子,引入效果格化的“公式法”,将其他档案行政规则中的裁量权控制内容整合入裁量基准,提升档案行政执法裁量基准制度的技术理性;通过将裁量基准类型拓展至档案行政许可、档案开放和档案监督检查,实现对档案行政执法权的全域式控制。

The discretionary benchmark for archival administrative law enforcement is a detailed standard formulated to regulate the use of discretionary power in archival administrative law enforcement.The local experience of setting the benchmark of administrative enforcement discretion of archives in our country shows that“Thinning of the plot”and“framing of the effect”are its main technical structures.However,the existingarchival administrative law enforcement discretion standard has three problems:serious fragmentation,coexisting content and redundancy,and lack of diversity,which are difficult to meet the needs of the archivallaw enforcement practice.It is necessary to strengthen the systematic nature of the archival administrative law enforcement discretion benchmark system through the normative supply at three levels:laws,administrative regulations,and rules;to integrate the content of discretionary control from other archival administrative rules into the discretionary benchmarks by further refining discretionary factors and introducing a"formulaic method"with effect gradation,enhancing the technical rationality of the archival administrative law enforcement discretion benchmark system;to expand the types of discretionary benchmark to include archival administrative licensing,archival opening,and archival supervision inspections to realize comprehensive control over archival administrative law enforcement power.