“双减”背景下参加非学科培训能提升学生的非认知能力吗?——基于6省30县(市、区)的调查

Can Non-disciplinary Training Promote the Development of Students' Non-cognitive Abilities in the Context of “Double Reduction”? A Survey Based on 30 Counties in 6 Provinces of China

从学生非认知能力发展的视角出发,基于我国东中西部6省30个县(市、区)的调研数据探讨中小学生参加非学科培训对其非认知能力的影响。泛精确匹配法的分析结果表明:参加非学科培训能够显著提升小学生的人际交往、集体融入、亲社会行为和情绪调节能力,但只对初中生的集体融入能力有显著正向影响;参加非学科培训对初中生人际交往、集体融入和情绪调节能力的影响存在城乡异质性,对集体融入和情绪调节能力的影响存在留守与非留守的组间异质性,此异质性在小学生样本中不存在。因此,建议在后“双减”时代非学科培训不断发展的浪潮中,应以学生为本位,注重非认知能力的持续发展,采取针对不同学段的差异化策略和对弱势学生的补偿性策略;发挥家校社协同育人作用,引导家长理性选择非学科培训,注重学生非认知能力发展的个性化。

The study explores the impact of non-disciplinary training on the development of non-cognitive abilities among primary and secondary school students based on research data from six provinces in the eastern,central,and western regions of China.The results of the Coarsened Exact Matching(CEM) analysis are as follows:(1) participating in non-disciplinary training can significantly enhance primary school students' interpersonal skills,group integration,prosocial behavior,and emotional regulation,but only has a significantly positive effect on the group integration ability of junior middle school students;(2) the influence of non-disciplinary training on interpersonal skills,group integration,and emotional regulation in junior middle school students varies between urban and rural areas.The impact on group integration and emotional regulation also exhibits heterogeneity between left-behind and non-left-behind groups.This heterogeneity is not observed in the sample of primary school students.Thus,we should take students as the primary focus,focus on the continuous development of non-cognitive abilities,and adopt differentiated strategies for different stages of schooling and compensatory strategies for disadvantaged students.We should also leverage the collaborative role of family,school,and community in nurturing students,guide parents in making informed choices regarding non-disciplinary training,and emphasize the personalized development of students' non-cognitive abilities.