高等院校效能的增值评价——基于我国医学院校的实证研究

Value-Added Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Higher Educational Institutions:Empirical Study Based on Medical Schools in China

高等院校的增值评价是改进高等学校教育质量的重要手段。基于2021年我国医学生培养与发展调查数据和临床医学本科生的水平测试成绩数据,采用多层线性模型,本文从人才培养的角度对我国高等医学院校的效能进行了增值评价。研究发现,院校质量本身对学生的学业成就具有显著的正向影响。其次,基于零模型和增值模型采用经验贝叶斯方法估计的高校效能的分析结果显示,代表传统结果评价的零模型与增值评价的模型估计出的高校效能仅存在中度相关。最后,通过联合多层线性模型的跨模块一致性分析表明,院校质量对学生不同模块的学业成就影响也不尽相同。本研究为高等教育评价体系改革提供了增值评价的研究视角的政策启示。

Value-added evaluation of higher educational institutions is an important measure to improve the quality of higher educational institutions.Based on the data from the China Medical Student Survey(CMSS) and Standardized Competency Test for Clinical Medicine Undergraduates in 2021,a multilevel linear model is performed to investigate the value-added of medical schools in higher education from the perspective of personnel training.From the results of the model,we found that the quality of schools has a significant positive impact on students' academic achievement.Moreover,we compared the effectiveness of medical schools constructed by empirical Bayes of various models and found only a moderate correlation between the null model and the value-added model.Finally,consistency across modules analysis through the joint multilevel linear model showed that school quality has different effects on students' academic achievements in different modules.This study provides policy implications for the reform of the higher education evaluation system from the research perspective of value-added evaluation.