历史人类学视域下彝族白倮铜鼓舞的传统与变迁——以云南城寨村为例

The Tradition and Change of Bronze Drum Dance of BaiLuo Branch of Yi Ethnic from the Perspective of Historical Anthropology:A Case Study of Chengzhai Village Yunnan Province

铜鼓舞不仅是西南族群先民的文化创造,更在当下地方性文化的传承中,发挥着塑造心灵、显现社会修复的文化功能。在城寨村白倮支系生存历史中,自然环境、农业生产、寨老制度、祭祀民俗等要素共同构建了白倮铜鼓舞的传统范式。1990年以来,随着地方政府的参与,作为仍在活态传承的“非遗”地方性乐舞现象,彝族白倮支系铜鼓舞的文本及其意义随着表演语境的变迁而演变,这背后相关白倮支系的历史选择。立足多学科视角,在史料查阅、口述访谈的多重关照下,对文山州白倮支系铜鼓舞的当下完成“在地化”的学理书写,解读铜鼓乐舞与民族心灵之间的互动关系。

Bronze dram dance is not only the cultural creation of the ancestors of Southwest ethnic groups,but also plays a cultural function of shaping spirits and showing social restoration in the current local culture inheritance.In the survival history of BaiLuo ethnic group in Chengzhai village,the natural environment,agricultural production activities,village elder system,sacrificial customs and other factors jointly built the traditional paradigm of BaiLuo bronze dram dance.Since the 1990s,with the intervention of local governments,as a living local“intangible cultural heritage”phenomenon,the text and meaning of Bailuo branch of Yi ethnic bronze dram dance have evolved with the changes of performance context,which is behind the historical choice of related BaiLuo ethnic group.Based on the multi-disciplinary method and with the support of historical data retrieval and oral interviews,this paper mainly analyzes BaiLuo bronze dram dance theoretically in Wenshan,in order to interpret the interactive relationship between the music and dance and the national soul.