上海市闵行区某镇公办小学学生肥胖因素的分析

Analysis of obesity factors among public primary school students in a town,Minhang District,Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市闵行区某镇公办学校小学生的肥胖情况,分析可能导致小学生肥胖的影响因素。【方法】通过问卷星进行基础数据采集,合并体检数据后导入Excel形成数据库,并使用SPSS 22.00软件进行数据分析。采用logistic回归分析进行单因素和多因素分析。【结果】根据《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》得出的上海市闵行区某镇公办小学学籍在册小学生肥胖检出率为29.63%。男生超重及肥胖比例为32.1%,女生为26.9%,男生高于女生,不同年级的超重及肥胖趋势在不同性别中的趋势类似。独生子女(χ^(2)=9.300,P<0.01)、父亲(χ^(2)=106.417,P<0.001)或母亲(χ^(2)=118.534,P<0.001)肥胖、母亲孕期超重(χ^(2)=159.731,P<0.001)、照护者角色为爷爷奶奶辈(χ^(2)=38.736,P<0.001)及教育水平低(χ^(2)=111.309,P<0.001)对儿童超重肥胖率有影响。小学生自身不良饮食习惯(χ^(2)=18.905,P<0.001)及喜好(χ^(2)=22.901,P<0.001)、睡眠时间不足(χ^(2)=61.685,P<0.001)、电子产品使用时间过长(χ^(2)=37.182,P<0.001)和运动时间偏少(χ^(2)=15.328,P<0.001)也对小学生肥胖有影响。根据家庭、饮食、心理、静态、动态等5大因素分析一至四年级小学生的肥胖影响因素,经过非条件多因素logistic回归分析得出,独生子女、父亲和/或母亲肥胖、母亲孕期超重、照护人未受过高等教育为主要影响因素;饮食上以睡前进食习惯和偏食及挑食为主;心理上主要来源于校内学习压力,与是否跟得上学习进度有明显关联(P<0.05)。静态分析得出与缺乏睡眠相关,根据用眼卫生对电子产品的使用建议赋值后发现小学生肥胖与电子产品的使用时长并无直接联系(P>0.05)。动态分析得出不积极参加校内体育锻炼与肥胖相关(P<0.05)。【结论】公办小学生肥胖问题受家庭、饮食、心理、静态、动态等多因素影响。小学生肥胖干预需要学校、社会、家庭、自我认知等多方面共同努力。

[Objective]To identify and analyze the possible influencing factors of obesity among public primary school students in Minhang District,Shanghai.[Methods]Basic data,collected through questionnaire stars,was imported with merged physical examination data into Excel to form a database.Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 22.00.Independent sample t-test was used for the data with normal distribution.Nonparametric test was used for the data with non-normal distribution.χ^(2) test was used for the quantitative data.Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.[Results]According to the national physical health standards for students(revised in 2014),the prevalence rate of obesity among primary school students in Minhang district was 29.63%.The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32.1%in boys and 26.9%in girls.The trend of overweight and obesity in different grades was similar among different genders.A single factor analysis showed that,being the only child(χ^(2)=9.300,P<0.01),father obesity(χ^(2)=106.417,P<0.001)or mother obesity(χ^(2)=118.534,P<0.001),mother's overweight during pregnancy(χ^(2)=159.731,P<0.001),caregiver's role as grandparents(χ^(2)=38.736,P<0.001),low education level(χ^(2)=111.309,P<0.001)had effects on overweight and obesity of children while the differences had statistical significance.Pupil's bad eating habit(χ^(2)=18.905,P<0.001)and preference(χ^(2)=22.901,P<0.001),insufficient sleep time(χ^(2)=61.685,P<0.001),long-time using of electronic products(χ^(2)=37.182,P<0.001)and low-time of exercise(χ^(2)=15.328,P<0.001)also affected the obesity of primary school students.Among the five factors of family,diet,psychology,static state and dynamic state,the influencing factors of obesity in primary school students from grade one to grade four were being the only child,obese father and/or mother,overweight mother during pregnancy,caregivers without higher education.In terms of diet,it was mainly based on eating habits before bedtime,as well as partial and picky eating habits.In terms of psychology,the main psychological source was the pressure of learning in school.There was a clear relationship between the pace of learning and not keeping up.Static analysis revealed a correlation with lack of sleep.After assigning values based on eye hygiene recommendations for the use of electronic products,it was found that there was no direct correlation between obesity in primary school students and the duration of electronic product use.Dynamic analysis showed that not taking part in school physical exercise was related to obesity.[Conclusion]The obesity of primary school students is influenced by family,diet,psychology,static and dynamic factors.The intervention of obesity in primary school needs the joint efforts of school,society,family,self-cognition and so on.