外泌体miRNA在甲状腺癌淋巴结转移临床诊断中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomal miRNA in Clinical diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer

甲状腺癌是一种惰性肿瘤,患者发生淋巴结转移(Lymph node metastasis, LNM)的比例较高,且转移后患者复发率高,临床预后较差。解决这一问题的关键在于寻找具有高特异性的无创生物标志物。外泌体通过传递遗传物质,在细胞通讯及表观遗传调控中扮演着至关重要的角色。甲状腺肿瘤细胞可以通过外泌体中的miRNA将遗传信息转移到肿瘤微环境中,将周围的微环境改变为一个适合肿瘤生长的环境,从而促进甲状腺肿瘤的增殖和迁移。本文将对近年外泌体miRNA在甲状腺癌转移的早期诊断中发挥的作用及其应用前景进行阐述,为探寻甲状腺癌生物标志物提供参考依据。

Thyroid cancer(TC)is an inert tumor,with a high proportion of patients undergoing lymph node metastasis(LNM),and a high recurrence rate after metastasis,resulting in a poor clinical prognosis.The key to solving this problem is to find non-invasive biomarkers with high specificity.Extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting genetic material.TC tumor cells can transfer genetic information to the tumor microenvironment through miRNA in exosomes,changing the surrounding microenvironment into an environment suitable for tumor growth,thereby promoting proliferation and migration of TC.This article will review the role and application prospects of extracellular miRNAs in the early diagnosis of TC metastasis in recent years,to provide a reference for exploring biomarkers of TC.