直流电刺激诱发的前庭诱发肌源性电位儿童检测方法的建立

Establishment of a Method for Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation-vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Healthy Children

目的 建立健康儿童直流电刺激诱发(galvanic vestibular stimulation,GVS)的颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP)和眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP)的检测方法,并确定正常范围。方法 对健康儿童20例(3~14岁)和健康成人24例(18~30岁)分别进行GVS-cVEMP和GVS-oVEMP检测,儿童组直流电刺激强度不超过3 mA,成人组最大刺激强度5 mA,记录两组GVS-cVEMP和GVS-oVEMP的引出率和特点,并进行不同刺激强度下的疼痛评分。结果 GVS-cVEMP和GVS-oVEMP在儿童组和成人组的引出率均为100.0%。儿童组GVS-cVEMP的p1潜伏期、n1潜伏期和p1-n1波间期分别为10.46±1.84 ms、16.98±2.12 ms和6.52±1.42 ms,n1潜伏期和p1-n1波间期较成人组明显缩短(P<0.05)。儿童组GVS-oVEMP的n1潜伏期、p1潜伏期和p1-n1波间期分别为8.87±1.40 ms、12.25±1.80 ms和3.39±1.07 ms,与成人组无明显差异。儿童组GVS-cVEMP和GVS-oVEMP的阈值均明显低于成人组(P<0.01),但振幅和振幅不对称比无明显差异。本文健康儿童检测结果可作为其正常范围。随着电流刺激强度的增加,受试者的疼痛评分增高,其对应的GVS-cVEMP和GVS-oVEMP的引出率也增加。结论 采取3 mA刺激强度和适宜的记录方法,可在3岁以上儿童及青少年人群中进行GVS-cVEMP和GVS-oVEMP检测并引出波形,并得到了其正常范围,儿童GVS-cVEMP潜伏期略短于成人,进行评估时,建议选取同年龄段健康儿童进行比较。

Objective To establish the methods of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(GVS-VEMPs) in healthy children and to obtain the normal value of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in these children in China.Methods Twenty(3~14 years) healthy children and 24 healthy adults(18~30 years) were enrolled for conventional examinations of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.Using the galvanic stimulation intensity under 3 mA/1 ms for children and 5 mA/1 ms for adults.The characteristics of elicitation and parameter results of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children and adults,as well as the pain scores and the elicitation of different stimulus intensities in the two age groups were recorded.Results The elicitation of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP were both 100.0% in children and adult groups.The p1 latency,n1 latency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-cVEMP were 10.46±1.84 ms,16.98±2.12 ms and 6.52±1.42 ms respectively in children group,the n1 latency and p1-n1 interval latency were significantly shorter than the adult group(P<0.05).The n1 latency,p1 latency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-oVEMP were 8.87±1.40 ms,12.25±1.80 ms and 3.39±1.07 ms respectively in children group with no significant difference between the two groups.The thresholds of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children group were significantly lower than adult group(P<0.01),but no differences were found in adult group regarding on the amplitude and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio.In addition,with the increase of the intensity of galvanic stimulation,the correlation between pain scores and the elicitation rates of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP also increased.Conclusion Using appropriate stimulus intensity and recording methods,GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be successfully assessed and detected in healthy children over 3 years old and adolescents.The latency of GVS-cVEMP in children is slightly shorter than that in adults,therefore we recommend selecting the matched age group for assessment in the children group.