济南市环境中X-γ辐射累积剂量测定和瞬时剂量值比对研究

Research on the Measurement of X-γAccumulated Radiation Dose in the Environment of Jinan City and the Comparison of Instantaneous Dose Values

随着核技术的发展,以及环境辐射监测手段的进步,在检测辐射环境外辐照方面,从20世纪90年代以来就开始广泛应用于环境γ外辐射剂量检测的以LiF(Mg.Cu.p)探测器为代表的热释光探测器(TLD)检测,使得累计剂量测定获得了较快进展。累计剂量测量方法可以给出在一定时期内的环境辐射剂量数据,已经成为环境辐射检测的主要方法之一,它能够反应出被检测场所在某个时期内的对外照射辐射程度,其检测数据精确,信息比较准确,从而能够判断外辐射环境质量以及相应人员所受到的外辐射剂量变化[1]。但由于自然环境的射线元素复杂,发射能力弱,现场测定的干扰条件多,所以开展天然环境射线的检测后,通常必须2个以上的检测手段,并互相比对和印证[2]。因此,X-γ辐射环境监测将累积与瞬时监测有机的结合,可提供较为全面的辐射剂量数据资料[3]。

With the development of nuclear technology and the advancement of environmental radiation monitoring methods,the detection ofγexternal radiation in radiation environments has been widely used in the environment since the 1990s.The TLD detection,represented by LiF(Mg.Cu.p)detectors for external radiation dose detection,has made rapid progress in cumulative dose measurement.The cumulative dose measurement method can provide environmental radiation dose data for a certain period of time,and has become one of the main methods of environmental radiation detection.It can reflect the external radiation level of the tested site during a certain period of time,and its detection data is accurate and the information is relatively accurate.Therefore,it can judge the quality of the external radiation environment and the corresponding changes in external radiation dose received by personnel.However,due to the complexity of radiation elements in the natural environment,weak emission ability,and multiple interference conditions in on-site measurements,it is usually necessary to use two or more detection methods after conducting natural environment radiation detection,and compare and confirm them with each other.Therefore,X-γradiation environmental monitoring combines cumulative and instantaneous monitoring,providing comprehensive radiation dose data.