社区环境对居民社会交往模式的影响研究——以上海市郊区为例

Examining neighborhood environmental effects on residents’social interaction patterns:A case study in Shanghai suburbs

邻里交往是居民获得经济、情感支持的重要途径,对主观幸福感、身心健康等方面具有显著影响。然而在城市转型、郊区化与信息化的背景下,社区内稳定、密切的社会关系逐渐减少,居民社会交往的范围和构成不再局限于社区内部。因此,有必要对社区内、外的社会交往水平及其联系开展研究,探讨社区环境如何影响居民的社会交往模式。论文基于2017年上海市郊区居民日常活动与出行调查数据,利用个体的常联系人数量及其在社区内、外的分布,将居民的社会交往模式分为消极社交型、社区内交往型、社区外交往型、积极社交型4类,并探讨社区环境对于居民形成不同社会交往模式的影响。研究发现:上海市郊区居民社会交往的总体规模较大,但社区内邻里交往水平较低;社区中的室外活动设施、小型商业网点等公共活动空间以及对社区美观程度的良好感知有效地提高了居民在社区内的邻里交往水平;居住在远郊区及门禁社区中的居民倾向于拥有更高的社区外交往水平。研究认为,应注重不同区位和人口结构的社区在规划和营造中的差异化策略,提高公共空间和设施的质量与使用率。研究结果可为以促进邻里交往、优化社会交往模式为导向的社区环境优化提供依据。

Neighborhood interaction is an important way for residents to obtain economic and emotional support,which has a significant impact on subjective well-being and physical and mental health.However,in the context of large-scale urban transformation,suburbanization,and informatization,stable and close social relationships within communities are gradually decreasing.Residents'social interactions are no longer limited to within their communities.Therefore,it is necessary to examine the level of social interaction within and outside communities and explore how neighborhood environments influence residents'social interaction patterns.Drawing on the daily activity and travel survey data collected in 2017 in Shanghai,this study classified residents'social interaction patterns into four categories—negative socializers,intracommunity socializers,intercommunity socializers,and active socializers—based on the number of regular contacts and whether they live inside the same community or outside the community.Furthermore,this study examined the impact of neighborhood environments on the social interaction patterns of residents.The results show that:1)Suburban residents in Shanghai have a large scale of social interaction,while the level of neighborhood interaction within communities is relatively low.2)The public activity space within a community,such as outdoor recreational facilities and small-scale commercial outlets,as well as a positive perception of the community's aesthetic appeal effectively improve the level of residents'neighborhood interaction.3)Residents living in the outer suburbs and gated communities tend to have a higher level of social interaction outside the community.4)In terms of socioeconomic attributes,the length of residence,housing property ownership,marital status,education level,employment situation,and family income play a role in residents'social interaction patterns.We argue that the quality and utilization rate of public space and facilities should be improved,and differentiated strategies in the planning and construction of communities should be used with different locations and demographic structures.The research provides a basis for the optimization of community environment oriented by promoting neighborhood communication and optimizing the mode of social interactions.