“物质转向”视角下移民地理研究进展与启示

Research progress of geography of migration and implications from the“material turn”perspective

受地理学“再物质化”思潮的影响,移民地理学开始将物的主体性纳入移民地理的研究框架,探索流动性与物质性相结合的移民地理研究新范式,以解释当前愈发复杂的移民局势,并形成了移民地理学的“物质转向”。移民地理学对物质性的关注较早,但其对物的讨论往往过于宽泛而缺乏焦点,使得该领域一直未能形成一套主流的理论体系。基于此,论文拟通过梳理国内外移民地理相关文献,对该领域当前的主要研究成果与研究前沿进行系统的综述,并围绕移民流动过程中“人—物—地”互动构建理论框架。首先,对西方物质研究的哲学脉络进行梳理,发现“物质转向”思潮最早根源于西方唯物主义、新物质主义与知觉现象学等理论,这些哲学思想与地理学理论相结合产生新的空间辩证思想。其次,通过对近10年的移民地理“物质转向”文献进行计量分析,发现其研究主要聚焦于4个研究热点:移民基础设施、移民身体与生命政治研究、移民物质文化与空间实践、超越人类的移民地理。最后,文章对西方移民地理“物质转向”的理论框架进行总结,阐述其对中国移民研究的借鉴意义,并进一步提出建立中国本土化移民理论的展望。

Since the appearance of the"re-materializing"approach in human geography,the subjectivity of material has been reappraised in the research framework of geography of migration.This reflection helps establishing a new research paradigm that combines mobility and materiality to explain the increasingly complex migration situation in the world.Although the concept of"material turn"first appeared in the literature of social sciences,there is limited research that systematically reviews how geography of migration engages with the materialist approach.Therefore,we intended to examine the current research trends,theoretical debates,and research frontiers in geography of migration,and then construct a theoretical framework that foregrounds the interactive relationship between migration and material.This article first examined the philosophical theory of Western material research,finding that the"material turn"trend was originally rooted in Western materialism,new materialism,and body phenomenology.Second,through the quantitative analysis of the migration-related literature in geography,we found that the research engaging"material turn"in the past 10 years mainly focused on four research hotspots:1)migration infrastructure;2)migration material culture;3)immigrants'bodies,emotion,and politics;and 4)more-than-human migration geography.Focusing on the key research on material theories,this article summarized the current insights in Western and Chinese geography of migration to systematically explain the agency of material during the migration process,which may shed light on the importance of material in mediating the relationship between immigrant and place.Finally,this article constructed a theorical model around the relationship of"migrant-material-place",and further put forward the research prospect of establishing Chinese localized immigration theory.The research on"material turn"not only helps to guide new theoretical trends in geography of migration,but also promotes the place integration of international and intraregional immigrants in China.