威廉·格罗夫与19世纪英国皇家学会的“科学化”变革

William Grove and the Scientific Reform of the Royal Society in the 19th Century

19世纪初期的英国皇家学会曾面临严重危机,这场危机被学会通过内部长期的改革最终消解。威廉·格罗夫在此项长达27年的改革历程中发挥了关键作用,他踢出的“临门一脚”直接促成了19世纪中期皇家学会科学化改革的最终成功,并间接导致了皇家学会在19世纪末期的虚体化转向。

The Royal Society faced a serious crisis in the early 19th century.This crisis was eventually resolved by a long internal reform process.William Grove played a key role in this 27-year process of reform,and his“last-minute kick”directly contributed to the eventual success of the scientific reform of the Royal Society in the mid-19th century.In addition,this so-called successful“scientization”indirectly led to the subsequent shift towards a more theoretical or abstract orientation of the Royal Society in the late 19th century.