明代两种“海眼纹”与《陶记》前后“海眼纹”探究

The Research about Two Kinds of Evidence of “Sea-Eye Pattern” in the Ming Dynasty and the “Sea-Eye Pattern” of “The Record of Ceramics” around the Song Period

“海眼碟”出现于南宋蒋祈所著《陶记》,是当时民窑销售的主要产品。海眼碟是属于图案纹饰命名类瓷器,但“海眼纹”究竟是一种什么纹饰,有什么特征与文化内涵,目前尚无专门的研究。采用个案与文献研究结合,在对古代文献解读的基础上,对景德镇陶瓷散市中发现的两款纹饰图案进行研究。通过分析与归纳,证明这两款纹饰,即为明代的“海眼纹”,纹饰所在的器型,即为明代的“海眼碟”。同时,通过对明代海眼碟的归纳研究,反推至南宋,确定了三款南宋,也即《陶记》所述之“海眼碟”,同时对宋以前的海眼纹进行了探讨,研究初步揭示了海眼碟的由来与类型,还原了南宋与明代海眼纹的本来面目,填补了当前青花纹饰图案研究中海眼纹一栏。

The term “Sea-Eye Dish” appeared in the book 《The Record of Ceramics》,written by Jiang Qi in the Southern Song Dynasty,and it was a major product sold by civilian kilns at that time.The Sea-Eye dish belongs to the category of porcelain named after its pattern,but there has been no dedicated research on what exactly the “Sea-Eye pattern” is,its characteristics,or its cultural connotations.This article combines case studies with literature research based on the interpretation of ancient literature and investigates two pattern decorations found in the scattered market of Jingdezhen ceramics.Through analysis and summarization,it is proven that these two patterns are indeed the “Sea-Eye Pattern” of the Ming Dynasty,and the vessel type where the pattern appears is the “Sea-Eye Dish” of the Ming Dynasty.Simultaneously,through inductive research on Ming Dynasty Sea-Eye Dish,we can trace back to the Southern Song Dynasty and identify three patterns from that period,which are described in 《The Record of Ceramics》.Additionally,the study explores Sea-Eye patterns before the Song Dynasty.This research provides a preliminary understanding of the origins and types of Sea-Eye Dish and recovers its original shape in the Southern Song and Ming Dynasties.It fills a gap in current research on blue and white pattern decorations.