程憬的马克思主义史学研究

Cheng Jing's Research on Marxist Historiography

程憬是中国马克思主义史学的重要先行者,但当代学界并未予以充分的估量。受马克思主义思潮影响,程憬于20世纪20年代初期即接受唯物史观。1928年至1933年,他先后提出由群到氏族的原始社会、般商氏族社会、西周封建社会、东周及秦以后是变相的封建社会等有关社会形态的观点,较早运用马克思主义开展中国社会史研究。此外,他又相继发表关于中国哲学史的系列文章,不仅从思想学说与历史时代的关系角度对先秦哲学史进行了探讨,还从思想渊源和演变的角度考察了中国近世哲学史。在中国马克思主义史学史上,程憬较为独特的意义在于突破了中国实证主义史学的限制,推进了中国马克思主义史学的学术化进程。

Cheng Jing was an important pioneer in the field of Marxist historiography in China.However,scholars today have not fully recognized his contributions.Influenced by the trends of Marxist thought,Cheng adhered to"the faith in the materialistic view of history"in the early 1920s,and thereafter applied this doctrine in specific historical research.From 1928 to 1933,he successively proposed a series of views on social forms,such as the primitive society evolving from clans to tribes,the tribal nature of the Yin and Shang,the feudal society of the Western Zhou,and the variation of the feudal society in the Eastern Zhou and the period after the Qin Dynasty.He was among the early scholars who applied Marxism in the study of Chinese social history.In addition,he published a series of articles on the history of Chinese philosophy,not only exploring the history of pre-Qin philosophy from the perspective of the relationship between thought and doctrines and the historical eras,but also examining the history of modern Chinese philosophy from the perspective of the origin and evolution of thought.In the history of Marxist historiography in China,Cheng Jing's unique significance lies in the fact that he broke through the limitations of Chinese positivist historiography from within the camp and advanced the academic path of Chinese Marxist historiography.