渭南市2017-2021年哨点医院流感监测数据分析

Analysis of influenza surveillance data from the sentinel hospital in Weinan City from 2017 to 2021

目的 对渭南市2017-2021年流感哨点医院门急诊流感样病例就诊和监测数据进行分析,了解渭南市流感的流行特征,为流感疫情防控提供病原学依据。方法 依托国家流感监测网络,对2017-2021年哨点医院采集的3 779份流感样病例样本进行核酸检测,并对检测结果和人群特征进行分析。结果 3 779份流感样病例样本共检出阳性519份,总阳性率为13.73%。2017年甲型H1N1、甲型H3、乙型Yamagata(BY)系于当地共同流行。2018、2019和2021年流感优势流行型别分别为甲型H1N1、甲型H3、乙型Victoria(BV)系。2020年仅检出1份阳性,为乙型BV系。流感流行高峰为每年的12月至次年3月,2017年9月呈现夏季小高峰。不同监测年份各年龄组流感阳性率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=99.999,均P<0.05),性别差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.594,P=0.207)。2017-2021年渭南市流感病毒分离鉴定总阳性率为53.76%。结论 渭南市各型流感逐年交替流行或混合流行,流行高峰通常为每年的12月至次年3月,夏季小高峰需引起重视,学生为主要感染人群。

Objective To analyze the outpatient and emergency influenza-like illness attendance and monitoring data of the influenza sentinel hospital in Weinan City from 2017 to 2021,to understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Weinan City,and to provide a pathogenic basis for influenza epidemic prevention and control.Methods Based on the National Influenza Surveillance Network,nucleic acid detection was performed on 3779 samples of influenza-like illness collected from the sentinel hospital from 2017 to 2021,and the detection results and population characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 519 samples from 3779 influenza-like illness were detected as positive,with a total positive rate of 13.73%.Type A H1N1,type A H3 and type B Yamagata(BY)were locally co-epidemic in 2017.The dominant epidemic influenza types in 2018,2019 and 2021 were type A H1N1,type A H3 and type B Victoria(BV),respectively.Only one positive sample,which was type BV,was detected in 2020.The influenza epidemic peak emerged from December to March each year,with a small peak in summer in September 2017.The positive rates of influenza in different monitoring years and age groups were statistically significant(x^(2)=99.999,all P<0.05),with no statistically significant difference in genders(x^(2)=1.594,P=0.207).The total positive rate of Influenza virus isolation and identification was 53.76%from 2017 to 2021.Conclusion Multiple types of influenza are alternately epidemic or co-epidemic year by year in Weinan City.The epidemic peak generally emerges from December to March each year,with a small peak in summer that needs to be emphasized.Students are the main infected population.