黄土高原沟壑区生态用地空间格局变化分析——以陕西省洛川县为例

Analysis on Spatial Pattern of Ecological Land in the Highland and Ravine Region of the Loess Plateau-Taking Luochuan County as An Example

[目的]揭示基础生态用地与生产性生态用地相结合的现实条件下生态用地的时空格局变化,为探索果业生产在林地资源有限区域的现实生态意义提供支撑。[方法]利用国土二调和三调数据,从景观生态学和空间统计学视角,对洛川县生态用地数量变化、转移过程、空间冷热点进行了分析。[结果](1)2009—2019年,洛川县生态用地总量增加了4703.87 hm^(2),其中林地和果园增加面积最大,分别为23103.4,9025.31 hm^(2)。(2)全县稳定性生态用地面积达108583.1 hm^(2),其中北部的低峁丘陵区稳定性生态用地以林地为主,其面积占比达到了90.04%。中部塬区与南部残塬沟壑区稳定性生态用地以生产性生态用地类型为主,面积占比分别达到了各区域稳定生态用地总面积的44.35%,45.7%。(3)生态用地占比的局部空间自相关分析显示,2009年和2019年两个年度基础性生态用地的聚集度格局未发生显著变化,但生产性生态用地的空间聚集格局变化较大,其高—高聚集区和低—低聚集区分别增加了6079.64,10792.11 hm^(2),统计不显著区域减少了18309.15 hm^(2)。(4)以园地为代表的生产性生态用地变化直接促进了整个县域生态用地格局的变化,其中高—高聚集区和低—低聚集区分别减少了18262.62,8373.14 hm^(2),统计不显著区域增加了27725.61 hm^(2),并显著提高了乡村农民的收入水平,对区域环境的可持续发展具有重要的促进作用。[结论]洛川县以果园为代表的生产性生态用地对该区生态用地稳定性影响较大,未来应加强果业生产对林地资源有限区域的生态研究。

[Objective]The aims of this study are to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern changes of ecological land that arise from the combination of basic ecological land and productive ecological land,and to provide the support for the exploration of practical ecological significance of fruit production to the area with limited forest resources.[Methods]The quantitative changes,transfer processes,and spatial hot and cold spots of ecological land were analyzed by using data from the second and third land resources survey.[Results]The total ecological land in Luochuan County increased by 4703.87 hm^(2)between 2009 and 2019,with forest land and orchard land having the most significant gains of 23103.4 hm^(2)and 9025.31 hm^(2),respectively.Additionally,the county′s stable ecological land area reached up to 108583.1 hm^(2),with woodland comprising the main stable ecological land in the northern low hilly area,accounting for 90.04%of the region.The central and southern tablelands contained a significant proportion of stable ecological land,with productive ecological land accounting for 44.35%and 45.7%of the total stable ecological land,respectively.The proportion of ecological land was analyzed by using local spatial autocorrelation,revealing that the aggregation pattern of basic ecological land remained consistent between 2009 and 2019.However,the spatial aggregation pattern of productive ecological land changed considerably during this period.Specifically,the high-high aggregation area and low-low aggregation area increased by 6079.64 hm^(2)and 10792.11 hm^(2),respectively,while the statistically insignificant area decreased by 18309.15 hm^(2).The change in productive ecological land primarily represented by garden land,significantly impacted the county′s ecological land pattern.This change led to the decrease in the high-high and low-low aggregation areas by 18262.62 hm^(2)and 8373.14 hm^(2),respectively,and the increase in the statistically insignificant area by 27725.61 hm^(2).Notably,the improved income level of rural farmers and played a crucial role in promoting the sustainable development of the regional environment.[Conclusions]The productive ecological land represented by orchards had a great impact on the stability of ecological land in Luochuan County,and the ecological research on fruit production in areas with limited forest land resources should be strengthened in the future.