近代日本外务省警察在华侵略活动研究

On the Aggressive Activities of Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Police in Modern China

在近代中国,日本和西方列强一样通过条约获得领事裁判权,并据此在华各地设置领事馆。但与西方列强不同,日本单方面杜撰和利用“有领事裁判权就有警察权”的侵略逻辑,以保护日本侨民为借口,在各领事馆设置大量外务省警察。为了对中国各地政治、经济、军事等方面施加影响,日本以领事馆作为其侵略据点,不断向中国内地渗透扩张,在各战略要地设置各种警察机构,严重侵犯中国主权。随着中日矛盾的激化,日本领事馆警察逐渐融司法、外交、情报、军事为一体,成为有别于日本国内警察、西方列强租界警察及侵华日军的另一种特殊侵略势力。抗日战争爆发后,外务省警察成为日占区“治安维持”工作的主要力量,在向日军提供情报、搜捕中国抗日志士、镇压中国抗日武装等方面发挥了特殊作用,给中国各地抗日斗争造成巨大损失。

Similar to Western powers,Japan obtained extraterritorial consular jurisdiction through treaties with China and subsequently established consulates across the country.However,unlike Western powers,Japan unilaterally implemented the policy of"extraterritorial consular jurisdiction supported by Japanese police force"in China,without the consent of the Chinese government.As a result,Japan deployed a significant number of Foreign Ministry police in its consulates throughout China under the guise of"protecting and managing Japanese emigrants."In order to exert influence over politics,the economy,and the military in various regions of China,the Japanese police force utilized the consulates as a front for frequent infiltration into inland China.By establishing police stations in strategic areas of China,Japan aggressively infringed upon China's sovereignty.As tensions between China and Japan escalated,the Japanese consulate police became increasingly institutionalized and militarized,assuming a wide range of functions including diplomacy,intelligence,and military operations.This evolution transformed them into a distinct force,separate from the Japanese domestic police,the Western concession police in China,and the invading Japanese troops.With the onset of the War of Resistance against Japan,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs police emerged as the primary force responsible for"security maintenance"in Japanese-occupied areas.They played a pivotal role in gathering intelligence for the Japanese army,pursuing Chinese patriots resisting Japanese aggression,and suppressing Chinese resistance forces through military means,committing egregious crimes against the Chinese resistance movement.