元明之际浙东文人的文学史观与复古旨归

The East Zhejiang Literati’s Views of Literary History and the Aim of Literary Restoration in the Late Yuan and Early Ming Period

元明之际,浙东文人的文学复古与立身志意融合统一。首先,浙东文人以体、法浑融的三代之文为起点,建构起宗经、尊古而审时的文学史观,“文”的历时叙述与“时”的现实关切紧密结合。其次,浙东文人聚焦古律之变,提倡诗歌音调的尚古。尊尚古体诗的创作风气与讲求协和音调、反对诗歌律化的理论旨趣相辅相成,寄寓了浙东文人的政治理想。再次,浙东文人的立身志意与文学正变观念相互交织,君子之志彰显文学师古的主体价值,形成“人”与“文”的精神同构。最后,“流而为文人”、正变诗风、复古气象等论说,关涉明代文学复古路径的意、辞分衍。元明之际,浙东文人的文学复古与明中后期转向审美化、精细化的文学复古存在显著差异。

In the Late Yuan and Early Ming Period,the east Zhejiang literati’s literary restoration and concept of identity related closely.Firstly,they constructed views of literary history that were based on the Six Classics,showing respect for the past and focusing on reality.Secondly,they emphasized the antiquity of poetic tone,so they preached harmony of tone and opposed the metrical and standard patterns of poetry,which showed their political vision.Thirdly,their identity concept of gentleman and literary Zheng-Bian notion was an intrinsic unity,creating a spiritual isomorphism between“man”and“literature”.Finally,this article discuss the argument that“the trend becoming a literati”,the rise and fall of Zheng-Bian poetry style,and the“Qi Xiang”of literary restoration.These propositions relate to the differentiation of the paths of literary restoration in the Ming dynasty.There is a significant difference between the east Zhejiang literati’s literary restoration of the early Ming dynasty and the literary retro-ideas of the mid-to-late Ming dynasty that turned to aestheticisation and refinement.