论科学主义与草创期中国文论建构

On Scientism and the Construction of Chinese Literary Theory in the Start-up Stage

科学主义以自然科学为价值鹄的,笃信科学万能,推行学科归约逻辑,取消自然科学与人文社会科学的域限,将实验归纳和进化方法提升为研究诸学之“息壤”。草创期中国文论在价值论、学科论、方法论等方面的建构上深受科学主义影响,形成其以自然科学价值取代文论特殊价值,将文论归入自然科学范畴,将实证、归纳、进化术提升为文论普遍方法等特征。科学主义在推动草创期中国文论知识体系细化、文学分门别类研究、扬弃整体直观的印象式浑言立论而导向深入细致的析言研究等方面有其积极意义。但它在为草创期中国文论提供学科建构理念、发掘学术增长点之余,也给此后中国文论的建构和发展留下了至今依然未能完全超越的学科之踵。

Scientism regards natural science as its value and firmly believes in the omnipotence of science.It promotes the logic of disciplinary reduction,eliminates the boundaries between natural science and humanities and social sciences,and elevates experimental induction and evolutionary methods to the“bond”of various studies.During the initial stage of Chinese literary theory,it was deeply influenced by scientism in the construction of value theory,disciplinary theory,methodology,etc.,forming the characteristics of replacing the special value of literary theory with natural scientific value,categorizing literary theory into the category of natural science,and elevating empirical,inductive,and evolutionary techniques to universal methods of literary theory.Scientism has a positive significance in promoting the refinement of the knowledge system of Chinese literary theory during the initial stage,studying literature in different categories,and abandoning the overall intuitive and impressionistic discourse to lead to in-depth and detailed analytical research.However,while providing disciplinary construction concepts and exploring academic growth points for the early stage of Chinese literary theory,it also left behind a disciplinary heel that has not yet been fully surpassed in the construction and development of Chinese literary theory and even thereafter.