不同施肥配方对油茶果实性状及品质动态发育影响

Influence of Different Fertilization Formulas on Fruit Traits and Quality Dynamic Development of Camellia oleifera

为促进油茶丰产稳产,通过对油茶林地合理施肥,提高油茶经济性状及果实品质。采用L_(9)(3^(4))四因素三水平9处理正交试验设计,在2022年7月、9月和10月中旬分别采取各处理油茶鲜果样品,分别测定其单果鲜质量、含油率和脂肪酸组分含量,找出对油茶果实单果质量、含油率、脂肪酸组分含量动态发育影响因素主次,以及对提高油茶经济性状及果实品质的适宜施肥配方。结果表明:对油茶单果鲜质量大小影响主次为有机肥>复合肥>施肥深度>缓释肥,以配方3配施后,单果质量较大;对油茶果实种仁含油率高低影响因素主次为复合肥>缓释肥>施肥深度>有机肥,以配方7、配方3和配方5配施后较高;对茶油不饱和脂肪酸含量影响因素主次为缓释肥>有机肥>施肥深度>复合肥,以配方1、配方2、配方3和配方4不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。综合得出,对油茶经济性状及果实品质影响因素主次为缓释肥>复合肥>施肥深度>有机肥,施肥最优配方为施肥深度40 cm+缓释肥0.5 kg+复合肥0.75 kg+有机肥7.5 kg。

In order to promote the high and stable yield of Camellia oleifera,the economic characteristics and fruit quality of C.oleifera were improved by rationally fertilizing the C.oleifera woodland.Using L_(9)(3^(4))4 factors,3 levels and 9 treatments orthogonal test design,in July,September and October 2022 to take the every treatment fresh fruit samples,respectively determined the single fruit fresh quality,oil rate and fatty acid component content,found out the single fruit quality,oil rate,fatty acid component content dynamic development of primary and secondary factors,and to improve the economic traits and fruit quality by suitable fertilization formula.The results showed that:The influence on the quality of single fruit was organic fertilizer>compound fertilizer>fertilization depth>slow-release fertilizer,the quality of single fruit distribution was relatively large by applying formula 3.The primary and secondary factors affecting the oil rate of oil seed kernel were compound fertilizer>slow-release fertilizer>fertilization depth>organic fertilizer,there were higher by applying formula 7th,3rd and 5th.The primary and secondary factors influencing the content of unsaturated fatty acids were slow-release fertilizer>organic fertilizer>fertilization depth>compound fertilizer,with formula 1st,2nd,3rd and 4th.Overall,the primary and secondary factors affecting the economic traits and fruit quality were slow-release fertilizer>compound fertilizer>fertilization depth>organic fertilizer,and The optimal formula of fertilization was 0.5 kg slow-release fertilizer+0.75 kg compound fertilizer+7.5 kg organic fertilizer in 40 cm ditch of compound fertilizer.