1956-2021年石家庄市人间炭疽病流行特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of human anthrax in Shijiazhuang City from 1956 to 2021

目的 回顾分析石家庄市人间炭疽病的流行特征和长期趋势。方法 采用年度变化百分比(annual percent change, APC)、集中度和圆形分布定量评估1956-2021年石家庄市人间炭疽病的疫情特征。采用χ2检验和t检验进行组间差异比较。结果 1956-2021年,除1986-1999年无人间炭疽病病例报告外,石家庄市累计报告人间皮肤炭疽病例245例,病死率为8.57%;无其他类型炭疽病病例报告。20~<50岁年龄组的病例占62.86%,男女性别比为8.07∶1,农民病例占85.31%,7~8月病例占57.14%,城乡发病例数比为1∶8.08。年均发病率为0.05/10万,APC为-18.48(t=-6.67,P<0.001);1964-1985年和2000-2021年人间炭疽病的APC分别为-27.54(t=-6.54,P<0.001)和32.17(t=3.12,P=0.020)。集中度为0.635 4。人间炭疽病的发病高峰为7月1日(5月6日~8月26日)(Z=98.93,P<0.001)。1956-1985年和2000-2021年人间炭疽病病例的年龄(t=0.77,P=0.452)、性别(χ^(2)=0.01,P=0.934)、城乡(χ^(2)=1.20,P=0.273)和发病时间(χ^(2)=0.37,P=0.545)差异均无统计学意义。结论 1956-2021年,石家庄市人间炭疽病疫情呈明显下降趋势,但2000-2021年有所上升。疫情有明显的人群和时间特征,需在高发季加强对高危人群的疾病监测。

Objective To review and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and secular trends of human anthrax in Shijiazhuang City.Methods Annual percent change(APC),degree of concentration and circular distribution were used to quantitatively assess the epidemiological characteristics of human anthrax epidemic in Shijiazhuang City from 1956 to 2021.The X2 test and t test were used to compare the differences among the groups.Results From 1956 to 2021,a total of 245 cases of human cutaneous anthrax were reported in Shijiazhuang City,with a fatality rate of 8.57%,except for 1986 to 1999,when no human anthrax cases were reported.No other types of anthrax cases were reported.The proportion of cases in the age group of 20 to 50 years old was 62.86%.The gender ratio of males to females was 8.07:1.The proportion of cases among peasants was 85.31%.The proportion of cases from July to August was 57.14%.The ratio of urban to rural cases was 1:8.08.The average annual incidence rate was 0.05/100000,with an APC of-18.48(t=-6.67,P<0.001).APC for human anthrax was-27.54(t=-6.54,P<0.001)from 1964 to 1985 and 32.17(t=3.12,P=0.020)from 2000 to 2021,respectively.The degree of concentration was 0.6354.The peak period of incidence of human anthrax was July 1st(May 6th to August 26th)(Z=98.93,P<0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in age(t=0.77,P=0.452),gender(x^(2)=0.01,P=0.934),urban-rural(x^(2)=1.20,P=0.273)and the onset time(x^(2)=0.37,P=0.545)of human anthrax cases between the two phases,from 1956 to 1985 and from 2000 to 2021.Conclusion There is a remarkable decline in the incidence trend of human anthrax epidemic in Shijiazhuang City from 1956 to 2021,but increased from 2000 to 2021.The epidemic has obvious population and temporal characteristics,requiring strengthened disease surveillance of the high-risk population during the high incidence season.