鲁迅单篇小说和自编文集序言的文本形态考察

A Textual Analysis of the PrefacestoLu Xun's Novels and Self-compiled Collected Works

衡量序言在特定篇章或文集中的文本形态,并不能一概而论,具体要看序言与主体文本之间的关系。鲁迅散文集《朝花夕拾》和小说集《故事新编》中的序言,都属于副文本;鲁迅单篇小说《狂人日记》《阿Q正传》和散文诗集《野草》中的序言都属于正文本性质;鲁迅自编杂文集的序言兼有正文本和副文本的二重属性。当鲁迅将自己写作的非文学类文集的序言和给他人文集所作序言编入自编文集时,这些序言的文本形态也由副文本变为了正文本。如此考察的意义在于,打破了文本形态研究的机械论格局,将其带入更广阔的空间。

The textual forms of a preface in a specific chapter or collection cannot be generalized,but depend on the relationship between the preface and the main text.The prefacesto Lu Xun's prose collection Morning Flowers and Evening Picks and his novel collection Newly Compiled Stories both belong to the categoryof sub-text,while thosetohis novels,such as The Diary of a Madman,The True Story of Ah Q,and his poetry collection Wild Grass the type of regular texts.The prefacesto hisself-compiled collection of essays have a dual attribute of both the main text and the subtext,while those to hisself-compiled collection from his own non-literary collections and the prefaces he wrote for others change from a subtext to a regular text.The significance of such an examination lies in breaking the mechanical pattern of textual morphology research and bringing it into a broader space.