冲突式本体论视域下的现实主义

A Realism of Conflicting Ontologies

19世纪时,现代现实主义从欧洲传播至其他大陆。现实主义与异域文学传统的相遇打破了原本不容置疑的单向轨迹。通过不同国家与大陆之间单向的或是双向的交流,现实主义成为了一种多向度的文学与美学进程。这一进程发生于一个开放的全球文化与文学的交流背景之下。不同的作家、文本、翻译、媒体间的互动挑战了此前建立的中心与边缘的单一观念,展示了更为复杂的全球网络系统。在跨文化与杂糅的文化背景中,各种相互冲突的有关何为现实的观念亟需得到讨论。本文尝试通过解读不同地域的小说来探查这一本体论问题。文章认为,不论是古老抑或是新近的现实主义都超越了物质真实,展示了现代社会与物质世界的本体论不确定性。

As modern realism travelled from Europe to other continents during the nineteenth century,the encounter with literary traditions in foreign places broke the otherwise unquestioned unidirectional trajectory.From a one-way or maybe a two-way traffic across countries and continents realism became a multi-directional literary and aesthetic enterprise.This process happened in an open global cultural and literary exchange between writers,texts,translations and media that relativized pre-established monolithic ideas about centers and peripheries and showed the existence of more complex global networks.In such cross-cultural and hybrid contexts the conflicting perspectives on what is regarded as real becomes a pressing issue.In this paper I will take issue with this ontological problem through brief readings of a number of novels from different continents.I will argue that realism,old or recent,first of all exposes the ontological uncertainty of the modern social and material world,beyond any reference to its material reality.