异质文化互动中国际理解教育教学的视域融合

The Horizons Fusion of International Understanding Education and Teaching in Heterogeneous Cultural Interaction

伽达默尔的视域融合理论对探究国际理解教育教学中“理解”的发生和跨文化的交互具有重要的启发意义。基于视域融合理论表明,国际理解教育教学活动的开展是在同质文化基础上理解异质文化,并深入异质文化境遇中与他者做出视域交互的过程。视域交互意味着视域差异,克服差异走向统一的视域融合需要教师基于自身“前结构”的教学经验与文化传统理解课程设计者和教材开发者的视域,同时更离不开学生与教师、文本、同伴和异文化他者基于自身“前结构”的对话和沟通中生成创新性的理解视域,最终不仅有助于促进教师对不同主体间教学活动的开展和异质文化观念达成共识,更帮助学生基于自身文化传统连续性批判性地看待他者文化。基于此,增进国际理解教育教学的视域融合需要重视国际理解教学中的问答逻辑,构建国际理解教育教学共同体,以及扩展国际理解教育教学的交流行动范围。

Gadamer's horizon fusion theory have a great significance to understanding the occurrence of"understanding"and cross-cultural interaction in international understanding education and teaching.Based on the theory of horizon fusion,it is shown that the implement of international understanding education and teaching activities is a process of understanding different cultures on the basis of homogeneous cultures and interacting with others in different cultural situations.Horizon interaction means horizon difference.Overcoming the difference and moving towards a unified horizon fusion requires teachers to understand the horizons of curriculum designers and textbook developers based on their own"pre-structure"teaching experience and cultural traditions;and at the same time,it is inseparable from the innovative understanding horizons generated by the dialogue and communication between students and teachers,texts,peers,other people with different cultures based on their own"pre-structure".Ultimately,it will not only help teachers reach a consensus on the development of teaching activities among different subjects and the concept of different cultures,but also help students critically treat other people's cultures based on the continuity of their own cultural traditions.Based on this,it is necessary to attach importance to the questionand-answer logic in international understanding education and teaching,build an international understanding education and teaching community,and expand the scope of communication and action in international understanding education and teaching.