山东省淄博市2022年重要病媒生物生态学监测状况分析

Analysis of the ecological surveillance of important vectors in Zibo City in 2022

目的 了解淄博市2022年主要病媒生物种类构成情况,掌握其密度及季节消长规律,为淄博市病媒生物防制工作提供科学依据。方法 对淄博市蚊、蝇、鼠和蜚蠊4种病媒生物进行密度监测。蚊类监测采用诱蚊灯法和布雷图指数(BI)法;蝇类监测采用笼诱法;鼠类监测采用夹夜法;蜚蠊监测采用粘捕法。不同生境下病媒生物构成比的差异采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher’s确切概率法。结果 2022年淄博市成蚊平均密度为11.81只/(灯·夜),8月密度最高,为32.51只/(灯·夜),优势种群为淡色库蚊;幼蚊7和8月BI值均>10.00,9月BI值>20.00。2022年淄博市蝇类平均密度为12.51只/笼,蝇类密度7月达到最高峰,为66.98只/笼,优势蝇种为市蝇。2022年淄博市鼠类平均密度为1.15%,9月鼠密度最高,优势鼠种为褐家鼠。2022年淄博市蜚蠊平均密度指数为3.15只/张,9月为活动最高峰,优势种群为德国小蠊。不同生境下蚊类、蝇类、鼠类构成比不同,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3 160.149、1 029.005、33.394,均P<0.001)。结论 淄博市主要病媒生物是淡色库蚊、市蝇、褐家鼠和德国小蠊,夏季7-9月密度较高,应适时采取适当措施控制病媒生物密度,减少媒介生物传染病的发生和流行。

Objective To understand the composition of main vector species in Zibo City in 2022,master its density and seasonal fluctuation,so as to provide scientific basis for vector biological control in Zibo City.Methods Four vectors of mosquitoes,flies,mice and cockroaches were monitored in Zibo City.Mosquito surveillance was carried out by the mosquito lamp trapping method and the Breteau index(BI)method.Cage trapping method was used to monitor flies.The night snap trapping method was used outdoors for rodent surveillance.The method of sticky trapping was used for cockroach surveillance.The difference of species composition in different habitats was determined by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact probability method.Results In 2022,the average density of adult mosquitoes was 11.81 mosquitoes/light·night,and the highest density was 32.51 mosquitoes/light·night in August;the dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens;As for the larvae,BI were all>10.00 in July and August,and>20.00 in September.The average density of flies was 12.51 flies/cage,and the density reached the peak of 66.98 flies/cage in July;Musca sorbens was the dominant species.In 2022,the average density of rodents was 1.15%,with the peak of rodent activity in September,and the dominant rodent species was Rattus norvegicus.In 2022,the average density index of cockroaches in the city was 3.15 cockroaches/sheet,with the peak occurring in September,and Blattella germanica was the dominant species.The composition ratio of mosquitoes,flies and mice in different habitats was different,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3160.149,1029.005,33.394,all P<0.001).Conclusion The main disease vectors in Zibo city were Cx.pipiens pallens,M.sorbens,R.norvegicus and B.germanica.with high densities during July to September in summer.Appropriate measures should be taken to control the density of the vectors to prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases.