喜马拉雅旱獭生态学研究进展

Research progress on ecology of Marmota himalayana

喜马拉雅旱獭是青藏高原的特有物种,是其生态系统的重要组成部分,对维持鼠疫自然疫源地生态平衡具有重要作用。而旱獭的分布,受气候、土壤、植被等地理环境因素的影响,进而决定着鼠疫自然疫源地及其动物鼠疫流行风险的分布和变化,即地理景观要素与鼠疫主要宿主动物的分布对鼠疫自然疫源地分布区域具有决定作用。目前,喜马拉雅旱獭的生态学研究已有大量报道,该文从喜马拉雅旱獭生态学特点、洞穴特征、栖息地的生境特征等方面,总结了国内外的研究现状,以期提高对喜马拉雅旱獭生态学的认识,进而推动生态学在鼠疫防制中的应用。

Marmota himalayana is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and an important part of its ecosystem,which plays a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance of the natural foci of plague.The distribution of marmots is influenced by environmental factors such as climate,soil,and vegetation,thereby determining the distribution and changes of natural plague foci and the risk of associated plague epizootics.In other words,the distribution of geographical landscape elements and the main host animals of plague play a decisive role in the distribution area of natural plague foci.Ecological research on M.himalayana has been widely reported.This paper reviews the research status in China and globally from the aspects of ecological,burrow,and habitat characteristics of M.himalayana,with the aim to improve the understanding of M.himalayana ecology and promote the application of ecology in plague prevention and control.